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J Phys Chem. 1991 Nov 01;95(24):9654-9660. doi: 10.1021/j100177a012.

End-to-End Diffusion and Distance Distributions of Flexible Donor-Acceptor Systems Observed by Intramolecular Energy Transfer and Frequency-Domain Fluorometry; Enhanced Resolution by Global Analysis of Externally Quenched and Nonquenched Samples.

The Journal of physical chemistry

Joseph R Lakowicz, Józef Kuśba, Ignacy Gryczynski, Wieslaw Wiczk, Henryk Szmacinski, Michael L Johnson

Affiliations

  1. Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21 201.
  2. Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908.

PMID: 31341335 PMCID: PMC6650637 DOI: 10.1021/j100177a012

Abstract

We used time-dependent fluorescence energy transfer of externally quenched and nonquenched samples, and global analysis of the data, to recover the end-to-end distance distributions and diffusion coefficients of flexible fluorescent molecules in low-viscosity solution. The fluorescence decays of tryptamine covalently linked to a dansyl acceptor by a polyethylene chain of 22 methylene groups were measured by the frequency-domain method. The data were fitted using numerical solutions of the diffusion equation which predicts the time- and distance-dependent population of the excited-state donors in the presence of energy transfer, followed by transformation to the frequency domain for nonlinear least-squares fitting to the experimental data. From the simulation study we found that the time- and distance-dependent population of the excited-state donors are significantly different for nonquenched and quenched samples and that the effects of end-to-end diffusion on the donor decay is decreased by collisional quenching. Importantly, the resolution is dramatically improved by the use of simultaneous analysis of quenched and nonquenched samples. This method was applied to the tryptamine-dansyl system using acrylamide as an external quencher. The recovered initial (

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