Display options
Cite
Guo DP, Zlatev DV, Li S, et al. Demographics, Usage Patterns, and Safety of Male Users of Clomiphene in the United States. World J Mens Health. 2019;38(2):220-225doi: 10.5534/wjmh.190028.
Guo, D. P., Zlatev, D. V., Li, S., Baker, L. C., & Eisenberg, M. L. (2020). Demographics, Usage Patterns, and Safety of Male Users of Clomiphene in the United States. The world journal of men's health, 38(2), 220-225. https://doi.org/10.5534/wjmh.190028
Guo, David P, et al. "Demographics, Usage Patterns, and Safety of Male Users of Clomiphene in the United States." The world journal of men's health vol. 38,2 (2020): 220-225. doi: https://doi.org/10.5534/wjmh.190028
Guo DP, Zlatev DV, Li S, Baker LC, Eisenberg ML. Demographics, Usage Patterns, and Safety of Male Users of Clomiphene in the United States. World J Mens Health. 2020 Apr;38(2):220-225. doi: 10.5534/wjmh.190028. Epub 2019 Jul 12. PMID: 31385473; PMCID: PMC7076309.
Copy Download .nbib Format: NLM
Share it on

World J Mens Health. 2020 Apr;38(2):220-225. doi: 10.5534/wjmh.190028. Epub 2019 Jul 12.

Demographics, Usage Patterns, and Safety of Male Users of Clomiphene in the United States.

The world journal of men's health

David P Guo, Dimitar V Zlatev, Shufeng Li, Laurence C Baker, Michael L Eisenberg

Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
  2. Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
  3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. [email protected].

PMID: 31385473 PMCID: PMC7076309 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.190028

Abstract

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to characterize the demographics, usage patterns and complication rates of clomiphene use in male patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed male patients from ages 20 to 55 years old who were prescribed clomiphene citrate from 2001 to 2014 using the Truven Health MarketScan, a US claims database. We collected data regarding associated medical diagnoses, diagnostic testing, duration of use, and reported side effects including thrombotic events, vision problems, gynecomastia, mental disorders, liver disease, nausea, or skin problems.

RESULTS: In total, 12,318 men took clomiphene and represented the primary study cohort, with a mean age of 37.8 years. The percentage of men prescribed clomiphene increased over the study period, as did the average age of clomiphene users. Associated diagnoses included male infertility (52.0%), testicular hypofunction (13.5%), erectile dysfunction (2.4%), and low libido (0.4%). Associated testing included semen analysis (43.7%), testosterone (23.5%), luteinizing hormone (19.3%), and follicle-stimulating hormone (21.1%) levels. The median time of clomiphene use was 3.6 months, with 63% of men stopping within 6 months. No increased risk of reported clomiphene side effects were apparent in men taking the medication.

CONCLUSIONS: There is a rising prevalence of clomiphene usage without associated adverse side effects in the US. The variability in associated diagnoses, diagnostic testing, and duration of use suggest a need for greater awareness of the proper evaluation and treatment of the men who are prescribed clomiphene.

Copyright © 2020 Korean Society for Sexual Medicine and Andrology.

Keywords: Clomiphene; Demography; Infertility, male; Safety

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose.

References

  1. J Urol. 2012 Mar;187(3):973-8 - PubMed
  2. Asian J Androl. 2016 May-Jun;18(3):339-41 - PubMed
  3. Sex Med Rev. 2018 Jan;6(1):106-113 - PubMed
  4. Fertil Steril. 2016 Jun;105(6):1519-22 - PubMed
  5. Fertil Steril. 1980 Jun;33(6):618-23 - PubMed
  6. Fertil Steril. 2013 Aug;100(2):341-8 - PubMed
  7. Fertil Steril. 2010 May 1;93(7):2232-5 - PubMed
  8. J Urol. 1976 Jan;115(1):73-6 - PubMed
  9. Hum Reprod. 2017 Oct 1;32(10):2110-2116 - PubMed
  10. Semin Reprod Med. 2013 Jul;31(4):245-50 - PubMed
  11. Andrology. 2013 Sep;1(5):749-57 - PubMed
  12. Int J Androl. 1992 Aug;15(4):299-307 - PubMed
  13. J Urol. 2014 Sep;192(3):875-9 - PubMed
  14. Hum Reprod Update. 2017 Nov 1;23(6):646-659 - PubMed
  15. J Urol. 2002 May;167(5):2138-44 - PubMed
  16. BJU Int. 2012 Nov;110(10):1524-8 - PubMed

Publication Types