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Materials (Basel). 2019 Aug 29;12(17). doi: 10.3390/ma12172784.

Pure Mandibular Incisor Intrusion: A Finite Element Study to Evaluate the Segmented Arch Technique.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

Gabriela Meyge de Brito, Hélio Henrique de Araújo Brito, Gabriel Goulart Mendes Marra, Laíze Rosa Pires Freitas, Bernardo Oliveira Hargreaves, Pedro Américo Almeida Magalhães, Dauro Douglas Oliveira

Affiliations

  1. Department of Dentistry, Graduate Program in Orthodontics, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30535-901, Brazil.
  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30535-901, Brazil.
  3. Department of Dentistry, Graduate Program in Orthodontics, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30535-901, Brazil. [email protected].

PMID: 31470584 PMCID: PMC6748075 DOI: 10.3390/ma12172784

Abstract

Leveling the curve of Spee is a commonly-used strategy to correct deep bites. Although several techniques have been proposed to intrude mandibular incisors (MI), flaring of these teeth is often observed and in many instances undesired. A three-dimensional (3D) finite element model (FEM) was used to locate the ideal point of force application (PFA) to achieve pure MI intrusion with the three-piece arches' technique. It comprised (1) a 0.021 × 0.025 in. stainless steel (SS) wire that passively filled the slots of the canine and premolar brackets and the first and second molar tubes, bilaterally; (2) a 0.0215 × 0.0275 in. SS intrusion base arch (IBA) inserted into the MI brackets, that presented a step down distal to the lateral incisors brackets and a posterior extension arm; (3) titanium-molybdenum tip-back springs designed to apply the intrusion force, fitted inside the first molar gingival tube. Four PFA on the IBA were simulated (FEM 1, 2, 3, and 4). FEM 3 resulted in pure MI and was considered the ideal PFA. FEM1 and 2 showed intrusion and buccal crown flaring of the MI, whereas FEM4 resulted in intrusion and lingual crown flaring of those teeth. Clinicians may consider three-piece arch mechanics to achieve pure MI intrusion. However, they must be aware that when force was applied anteriorly or posteriorly to the ideal PFA, the incisors would incline labially or lingually, respectively.

Keywords: finite element analysis; intrusion; mandibular incisors; orthodontic tooth movement

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