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Bottasso E. Toward the Existence of a Sympathetic Neuroplasticity Adaptive Mechanism Influencing the Immune Response. A Hypothetical View-Part II. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2019;10:633doi: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00633.
Bottasso, E. (2019). Toward the Existence of a Sympathetic Neuroplasticity Adaptive Mechanism Influencing the Immune Response. A Hypothetical View-Part II. Frontiers in endocrinology, 10633. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00633
Bottasso, Emanuel. "Toward the Existence of a Sympathetic Neuroplasticity Adaptive Mechanism Influencing the Immune Response. A Hypothetical View-Part II." Frontiers in endocrinology vol. 10 (2019): 633. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00633
Bottasso E. Toward the Existence of a Sympathetic Neuroplasticity Adaptive Mechanism Influencing the Immune Response. A Hypothetical View-Part II. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2019 Sep 18;10:633. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00633. eCollection 2019. PMID: 31620088; PMCID: PMC6760024.
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Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2019 Sep 18;10:633. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00633. eCollection 2019.

Toward the Existence of a Sympathetic Neuroplasticity Adaptive Mechanism Influencing the Immune Response. A Hypothetical View-Part II.

Frontiers in endocrinology

Emanuel Bottasso

Affiliations

  1. Departments of Pathology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Rosario, Argentina.

PMID: 31620088 PMCID: PMC6760024 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00633

Abstract

In the preceding work, a hypothesis on the existence of a specific neural plasticity program from sympathetic fibers innervating secondary lymphoid organs was introduced. This proposed adaptive mechanism would involve segmental retraction and degeneration of noradrenergic terminals during the immune system (IS) activation followed by regeneration once the IS returns to the steady-state. Starting from such view, this second part presents clinical and experimental evidence allowing to envision that this sympathetic neural plasticity mechanism is also operative on inflamed non-lymphoid peripheral tissues. Importantly, the sympathetic nervous system regulates most of the physiological bodily functions, ranging from cardiovascular, respiratory and gastro-intestinal functions to endocrine and metabolic ones, among others. Thus, it seems sensible to think that compensatory programs should be put into place during inflammation in non-lymphoid tissues as well, to avoid the possible detrimental consequences of a sympathetic blockade. Nevertheless, in many pathological scenarios like severe sepsis, chronic inflammatory diseases, or maladaptive immune responses, such compensatory programs against noradrenergic transmission impairment would fail to develop. This would lead to a manifest sympathetic dysfunction in the above-mentioned settings, partly accounting for their underlying pathophysiological basis; which is also discussed. The physiological/teleological significance for the whole neural plasticity process is postulated, as well.

Copyright © 2019 Bottasso.

Keywords: inflammation; neural plasticity; neuro-immune interaction; peripheral immune tolerance; sympathetic nervous system

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