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Elkashty OA, Ashry R, Tran SD. Head and neck cancer management and cancer stem cells implication. Saudi Dent J. 2019;31(4):395-416doi: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.05.010.
Elkashty, O. A., Ashry, R., & Tran, S. D. (2019). Head and neck cancer management and cancer stem cells implication. The Saudi dental journal, 31(4), 395-416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.05.010
Elkashty, Osama A, et al. "Head and neck cancer management and cancer stem cells implication." The Saudi dental journal vol. 31,4 (2019): 395-416. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.05.010
Elkashty OA, Ashry R, Tran SD. Head and neck cancer management and cancer stem cells implication. Saudi Dent J. 2019 Oct;31(4):395-416. doi: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.05.010. Epub 2019 Jun 10. PMID: 31700218; PMCID: PMC6823822.
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Saudi Dent J. 2019 Oct;31(4):395-416. doi: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.05.010. Epub 2019 Jun 10.

Head and neck cancer management and cancer stem cells implication.

The Saudi dental journal

Osama A Elkashty, Ramy Ashry, Simon D Tran

Affiliations

  1. McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
  2. Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.

PMID: 31700218 PMCID: PMC6823822 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.05.010

Abstract

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) arise in the mucosal linings of the upper aerodigestive tract and are heterogeneous in nature. Risk factors for HNSCCs are smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and the human papilloma virus. Conventional treatments are surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combined modality; however, no international standard mode of therapy exists. In contrast to the conventional model of clonal evolution in tumor development, there is a newly proposed theory based on the activity of cancer stem cells (CSCs) as the model for carcinogenesis. This "CSC hypothesis" may explain the high mortality rate, low response to treatments, and tendency to develop multiple tumors for HNSCC patients. We review current knowledge on HNSCC etiology and treatment, with a focus on CSCs, including their origins, identifications, and effects on therapeutic options.

© 2019 The Authors.

Keywords: ABC, ATP-binding cassette transporters; ATC, amplifying transitory cell; Antineoplastic agents; BMI-1, B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1; Cancer stem cells; Cancer treatment; Carcinoma; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; HIFs, hypoxia-inducible factors; Head and neck cancer; MDR1, Multidrug Resistance Protein 1; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase; Squamous cell; TKIs, tyrosine kinase inhibitors

Conflict of interest statement

All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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