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Shaw GM, Mayo JA, Eisenberg ML, et al. Male-to-Female Ratios, Race/Ethnicity, and Spontaneous Preterm Birth among 11 Million California Infants. Am J Perinatol. 2019;38(7):683-689doi: 10.1055/s-0039-3400449.
Shaw, G. M., Mayo, J. A., Eisenberg, M. L., Catalano, R., & Stevenson, D. K. (2021). Male-to-Female Ratios, Race/Ethnicity, and Spontaneous Preterm Birth among 11 Million California Infants. American journal of perinatology, 38(7), 683-689. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3400449
Shaw, Gary M, et al. "Male-to-Female Ratios, Race/Ethnicity, and Spontaneous Preterm Birth among 11 Million California Infants." American journal of perinatology vol. 38,7 (2021): 683-689. doi: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3400449
Shaw GM, Mayo JA, Eisenberg ML, Catalano R, Stevenson DK. Male-to-Female Ratios, Race/Ethnicity, and Spontaneous Preterm Birth among 11 Million California Infants. Am J Perinatol. 2021 Jun;38(7):683-689. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-3400449. Epub 2019 Nov 22. PMID: 31756757.
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Am J Perinatol. 2021 Jun;38(7):683-689. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-3400449. Epub 2019 Nov 22.

Male-to-Female Ratios, Race/Ethnicity, and Spontaneous Preterm Birth among 11 Million California Infants.

American journal of perinatology

Gary M Shaw, Jonathan A Mayo, Michael L Eisenberg, Ralph Catalano, David K Stevenson

Affiliations

  1. March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center at Stanford University, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
  2. Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
  3. School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California.

PMID: 31756757 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3400449

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: An observed disparity in population-scale data are a larger number of males among preterm births (PTBs). We investigated spontaneous PTB risk among women of various race/ethnic groups in combination with infants' sex.

STUDY DESIGN: This observational study was conducted in > 10 million California births (1991-2012) using birth certificates linked with maternal and infant hospital discharge data.

RESULTS: Male-to-female ratios among term (37-42 weeks) infants exhibited the narrow ratio range 1.02 to 1.06 across race/ethnic groups. Such ratios among spontaneous PTBs were generally larger for all race/ethnic groups except non-Hispanic blacks. For blacks, ratios tended to be lower and similar to their term birth counterpart, 1.03. Hazard ratios adjusted for maternal age and education for non-Hispanic blacks were 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.90-1.09), 1.01 (95% CI 0.95-1.08), 0.98 (95% CI 0.94-1.03), and 1.03 (95% CI 1.01-1.05), respectively, for gestational week groupings of 20 to 23, 24 to 27, 28 to 321, and 32 to 36. Hazard ratios for non-Hispanic whites for the same groupings were 1.08 (95% CI 0.98-1.18), 1.13 (95% CI 1.07-1.19), 1.21 (95% CI 1.17-1.25), and 1.18 (95% CI 1.17-1.19).

CONCLUSION: Why male-to-female ratios are similar across gestational ages in blacks but substantially higher in other race/ethnic groups is theoretically considered relative to inflammation, stress, and other influences.

Thieme. All rights reserved.

Conflict of interest statement

None declared.

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