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Carvalho CR, Oliveira JM, Reis RL. Modern Trends for Peripheral Nerve Repair and Regeneration: Beyond the Hollow Nerve Guidance Conduit. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2019;7:337doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00337.
Carvalho, C. R., Oliveira, J. M., & Reis, R. L. (2019). Modern Trends for Peripheral Nerve Repair and Regeneration: Beyond the Hollow Nerve Guidance Conduit. Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 7337. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2019.00337
Carvalho, Cristiana R, et al. "Modern Trends for Peripheral Nerve Repair and Regeneration: Beyond the Hollow Nerve Guidance Conduit." Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology vol. 7 (2019): 337. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2019.00337
Carvalho CR, Oliveira JM, Reis RL. Modern Trends for Peripheral Nerve Repair and Regeneration: Beyond the Hollow Nerve Guidance Conduit. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2019 Nov 22;7:337. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00337. eCollection 2019. PMID: 31824934; PMCID: PMC6882937.
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Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2019 Nov 22;7:337. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00337. eCollection 2019.

Modern Trends for Peripheral Nerve Repair and Regeneration: Beyond the Hollow Nerve Guidance Conduit.

Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology

Cristiana R Carvalho, Joaquim M Oliveira, Rui L Reis

Affiliations

  1. 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal.
  2. ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
  3. The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, Guimarães, Portugal.

PMID: 31824934 PMCID: PMC6882937 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00337

Abstract

Peripheral nerve repair and regeneration remains among the greatest challenges in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Even though peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) are capable of some degree of regeneration, frail recovery is seen even when the best microsurgical technique is applied. PNIs are known to be very incapacitating for the patient, due to the deprivation of motor and sensory abilities. Since there is no optimal solution for tackling this problem up to this day, the evolution in the field is constant, with innovative designs of advanced nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) being reported every day. As a basic concept, a NGC should act as a physical barrier from the external environment, concomitantly acting as physical guidance for the regenerative axons across the gap lesion. NGCs should also be able to retain the naturally released nerve growth factors secreted by the damaged nerve stumps, as well as reducing the invasion of scar tissue-forming fibroblasts to the injury site. Based on the neurobiological knowledge related to the events that succeed after a nerve injury, neuronal subsistence is subjected to the existence of an ideal environment of growth factors, hormones, cytokines, and extracellular matrix (ECM) factors. Therefore, it is known that multifunctional NGCs fabricated through combinatorial approaches are needed to improve the functional and clinical outcomes after PNIs. The present work overviews the current reports dealing with the several features that can be used to improve peripheral nerve regeneration (PNR), ranging from the simple use of hollow NGCs to tissue engineered intraluminal fillers, or to even more advanced strategies, comprising the molecular and gene therapies as well as cell-based therapies.

Copyright © 2019 Carvalho, Oliveira and Reis.

Keywords: biomaterials; luminal fillers; nerve guidance conduit; peripheral nerve; tissue engineering

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