Display options
Cite
Florez ID, Niño-Serna LF, Beltrán-Arroyave CP. Acute Infectious Diarrhea and Gastroenteritis in Children. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2020;22(2):4doi: 10.1007/s11908-020-0713-6.
Florez, I. D., Niño-Serna, L. F., & Beltrán-Arroyave, C. P. (2020). Acute Infectious Diarrhea and Gastroenteritis in Children. Current infectious disease reports, 22(2), 4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11908-020-0713-6
Florez, Ivan D, et al. "Acute Infectious Diarrhea and Gastroenteritis in Children." Current infectious disease reports vol. 22,2 (2020): 4. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11908-020-0713-6
Florez ID, Niño-Serna LF, Beltrán-Arroyave CP. Acute Infectious Diarrhea and Gastroenteritis in Children. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2020 Jan 28;22(2):4. doi: 10.1007/s11908-020-0713-6. PMID: 31993758.
Copy Download .nbib Format: NLM
Share it on

Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2020 Jan 28;22(2):4. doi: 10.1007/s11908-020-0713-6.

Acute Infectious Diarrhea and Gastroenteritis in Children.

Current infectious disease reports

Ivan D Florez, Laura F Niño-Serna, Claudia P Beltrán-Arroyave

Affiliations

  1. Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Juravinski Site. G Wing, 2nd Floor; 711 Concession Street, Hamilton, ON, L8V 1 C3, Canada. [email protected].
  2. Department of Pediatrics, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia. [email protected].
  3. Department of Pediatrics, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.
  4. Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellin, Colombia.

PMID: 31993758 DOI: 10.1007/s11908-020-0713-6

Abstract

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We aimed to summarize the most current evidence on the main aspects of the diarrheal diseases in children. The following key elements were addressed: definitions, etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, dietary management, pharmacological treatments, and prevention. We covered the following questions: What are the most important clinical and laboratory features of the disease? What are the best approaches for the dietary management? What is the best way to classify the hydration status, and to prevent and treat the dehydration? What are the most effective and safe interventions for reducing the diarrhea and vomiting?

RECENT FINDINGS: Diarrheal diseases are one of the most common diseases in childhood. The most common cause is rotavirus. A key element in the approach of a child with diarrhea is determining their hydration status, which determines the fluid management. Laboratory tests are nor routinely required, as most of the cases, they do not affect the management and it should be indicated only in selected cases. Several treatments have been studied to reduce the duration of the diarrhea. Only symbiotics and zinc have shown to be effective and safe with high certainty on the evidence. Rest of the interventions although seem to be effective have low to very low quality of the evidence. The only effective and safe antiemetic for controlling vomiting is ondansetron. A list of antimicrobials indications according to the identified microorganisms is provided. We summarized the most current evidence on diagnosis, management, and prevention of diarrhea in children. More research is needed in some areas such as dehydration scales, rehydration management, antidiarrheals, and antibiotic treatments.

Keywords: Antidiarrheals; Antiemetics; Dehydration; Diarrhea; Gastroenteritis; Pediatrics; Rotavirus

References

  1. JAMA. 2016 May 10;315(18):1966-74 - PubMed
  2. BMJ Open Gastroenterol. 2017 Jan 3;4(1):e000124 - PubMed
  3. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2018 Jun;37(6):501-505 - PubMed
  4. Pediatrics. 2009 Nov;124(5):e858-67 - PubMed
  5. J Nutr. 2011 Feb;141(2):312-5 - PubMed
  6. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2016 May 31;9(6):e32163 - PubMed
  7. Ann Nutr Metab. 2013;62 Suppl 1:31-42 - PubMed
  8. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e60622 - PubMed
  9. Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Nov 29;65(12):e45-e80 - PubMed
  10. J Infect Dis. 2017 Jul 15;216(2):220-227 - PubMed
  11. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004 May;158(5):483-90 - PubMed
  12. Arch Pediatr. 2017 Dec;24(12S):S26-S29 - PubMed
  13. PLoS Med. 2009 Jul 21;6(7):e1000097 - PubMed
  14. BMC Pediatr. 2018 Feb 9;18(1):44 - PubMed
  15. JAMA. 2004 Jun 9;291(22):2746-54 - PubMed
  16. Rev Infect Dis. 1990 Jan-Feb;12 Suppl 1:S41-50 - PubMed
  17. Mucosal Immunol. 2019 Nov;12(6):1259-1267 - PubMed
  18. Lancet. 2003 Jun 28;361(9376):2226-34 - PubMed
  19. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2015 Nov-Dec;91(6 Suppl 1):S36-43 - PubMed
  20. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2019 Oct;35(10):692-695 - PubMed
  21. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2019 Jul;17(7):1270-1276 - PubMed
  22. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;(1):CD002847 - PubMed
  23. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Dec 20;12:CD005436 - PubMed
  24. Dig Liver Dis. 2011 Sep;43(9):707-13 - PubMed
  25. PLoS Med. 2007 Mar 27;4(3):e98 - PubMed
  26. Acta Paediatr. 2008 Aug;97(8):1008-15 - PubMed
  27. Arch Dis Child. 2018 Apr;103(4):383-388 - PubMed
  28. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2011 Mar;27(3):230-6 - PubMed
  29. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2016 Jun;35(6):698-700 - PubMed
  30. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2003 Nov 21;52(RR-16):1-16 - PubMed
  31. BMC Public Health. 2013;13 Suppl 3:S10 - PubMed
  32. Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2010;8(3):203-14 - PubMed
  33. BMC Public Health. 2013;13 Suppl 3:S17 - PubMed
  34. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007 Sep 15;26(6):807-13 - PubMed
  35. Paediatr Child Health. 2011 Mar;16(3):177-82 - PubMed
  36. Rev Salud Publica (Bogota). 2017 Jan-Feb;19(1):17-23 - PubMed
  37. Eur J Pediatr. 2015 Aug;174(8):1061-7 - PubMed
  38. Am Fam Physician. 2012 Jun 1;85(11):1066-70 - PubMed
  39. Presse Med. 2008 Apr;37(4 Pt 1):600-9 - PubMed
  40. Bull World Health Organ. 2004 Jul;82(7):523-31 - PubMed
  41. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016 May;43(10):1025-34 - PubMed
  42. Lancet. 2015 Jan 31;385(9966):430-40 - PubMed
  43. BMJ Open. 2012 Jul 19;2(4): - PubMed
  44. Clin Infect Dis. 2018 Mar 19;66(7):e1-e48 - PubMed
  45. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Jul 19;(3):CD004390 - PubMed
  46. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2012 Apr;12(4):395-410 - PubMed
  47. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019 Nov;16(11):656-661 - PubMed
  48. Arch Dis Child. 2011 Sep;96(9):874-80 - PubMed
  49. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2016 Feb;32(2):131-5 - PubMed
  50. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2018 Dec;43:87-92 - PubMed
  51. J Pediatr. 2015 Apr;166(4):908-16.e1-6 - PubMed
  52. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2007 Apr;63(4):387-93 - PubMed
  53. Indian Pediatr. 2016 Jul 8;53(7):595-600 - PubMed
  54. J Clin Epidemiol. 2007 Jun;60(6):560-6 - PubMed
  55. Arch Dis Child. 2015 Jul;100(7):704-12 - PubMed
  56. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2015 Apr;60(4):515-20 - PubMed
  57. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2014 Oct;27(5):451-8 - PubMed
  58. J Clin Microbiol. 2015 Dec;53(12):3723-8 - PubMed
  59. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1983;23:279-301 - PubMed
  60. PLoS One. 2017 Oct 9;12(10):e0185177 - PubMed
  61. Pediatrics. 2014 Jul;134(1):e176-91 - PubMed
  62. Arch Dis Child. 2020 Feb;105(2):141-146 - PubMed
  63. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2014 May;12(5):621-32 - PubMed
  64. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2015 Jan;31(1):1-6 - PubMed
  65. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Jul 06;(7):CD007296 - PubMed
  66. Cost Eff Resour Alloc. 2003 Aug 29;1(1):7 - PubMed
  67. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Sep 07;(9):CD005506 - PubMed
  68. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015 Aug;12(8):446-57 - PubMed
  69. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2014 Jul;59(1):132-52 - PubMed
  70. Pediatrics. 2008 Dec;122(6):1266-70 - PubMed
  71. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jul 19;7:CD012247 - PubMed
  72. PLoS One. 2018 Dec 5;13(12):e0207701 - PubMed
  73. J Pediatr. 2004 Aug;145(2):201-7 - PubMed
  74. Pediatrics. 1996 Mar;97(3):424-35 - PubMed
  75. F1000Res. 2016 Feb 23;5: - PubMed
  76. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Dec 13;12:CD006519 - PubMed
  77. BMC Med. 2004 Apr 15;2:11 - PubMed
  78. Lancet. 2018 Jul 14;392(10142):175-186 - PubMed
  79. Acta Paediatr. 2016 Aug;105(8):e384-9 - PubMed
  80. Pediatrics. 1997 May;99(5):E6 - PubMed
  81. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Oct 31;(10):CD005433 - PubMed
  82. Lancet Glob Health. 2019 Jul;7(7):e893-e903 - PubMed
  83. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Nov 10;(11):CD003048 - PubMed

Publication Types