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Pharmaceutics. 2020 Feb 15;12(2). doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020158.

Dendritic Cell Vaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy: The Role of Human Conventional Type 1 Dendritic Cells.

Pharmaceutics

João Calmeiro, Mylène A Carrascal, Adriana Ramos Tavares, Daniel Alexandre Ferreira, Célia Gomes, Amílcar Falcão, Maria Teresa Cruz, Bruno Miguel Neves

Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
  2. Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology-CNC, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
  3. Tecnimede Group, 2710-089 Sintra, Portugal.
  4. Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research-iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
  5. Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology-CIBB, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
  6. Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research-CIBIT, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
  7. Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.

PMID: 32075343 PMCID: PMC7076373 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020158

Abstract

Throughout the last decades, dendritic cell (DC)-based anti-tumor vaccines have proven to be a safe therapeutic approach, although with inconsistent clinical results. The functional limitations of ex vivo monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) commonly used in these therapies are one of the pointed explanations for their lack of robustness. Therefore, a great effort has been made to identify DC subsets with superior features for the establishment of effective anti-tumor responses and to apply them in therapeutic approaches. Among characterized human DC subpopulations, conventional type 1 DCs (cDC1) have emerged as a highly desirable tool for empowering anti-tumor immunity. This DC subset excels in its capacity to prime antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells and to activate natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cells, which are critical factors for an effective anti-tumor immune response. Here, we sought to revise the immunobiology of cDC1 from their ontogeny to their development, regulation and heterogeneity. We also address the role of this functionally thrilling DC subset in anti-tumor immune responses and the most recent efforts to apply it in cancer immunotherapy.

Keywords: CD141+XCR1+ DCs; anti-tumor immunotherapy; conventional type 1 dendritic cells; dendritic cell-based vaccines

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