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Krishnan SR, Arafa HM, Kwon K, et al. Continuous, noninvasive wireless monitoring of flow of cerebrospinal fluid through shunts in patients with hydrocephalus. NPJ Digit Med. 2020;3:29doi: 10.1038/s41746-020-0239-1.
Krishnan, S. R., Arafa, H. M., Kwon, K., Deng, Y., Su, C. J., Reeder, J. T., Freudman, J., Stankiewicz, I., Chen, H. M., Loza, R., Mims, M., Mims, M., Lee, K., Abecassis, Z., Banks, A., Ostojich, D., Patel, M., Wang, H., Börekçi, K., Rosenow, J., Tate, M., Huang, Y., Alden, T., Potts, M. B., Ayer, A. B., & Rogers, J. A. (2020). Continuous, noninvasive wireless monitoring of flow of cerebrospinal fluid through shunts in patients with hydrocephalus. NPJ digital medicine, 329. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-020-0239-1
Krishnan, Siddharth R, et al. "Continuous, noninvasive wireless monitoring of flow of cerebrospinal fluid through shunts in patients with hydrocephalus." NPJ digital medicine vol. 3 (2020): 29. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-020-0239-1
Krishnan SR, Arafa HM, Kwon K, Deng Y, Su CJ, Reeder JT, Freudman J, Stankiewicz I, Chen HM, Loza R, Mims M, Mims M, Lee K, Abecassis Z, Banks A, Ostojich D, Patel M, Wang H, Börekçi K, Rosenow J, Tate M, Huang Y, Alden T, Potts MB, Ayer AB, Rogers JA. Continuous, noninvasive wireless monitoring of flow of cerebrospinal fluid through shunts in patients with hydrocephalus. NPJ Digit Med. 2020 Mar 06;3:29. doi: 10.1038/s41746-020-0239-1. eCollection 2020. PMID: 32195364; PMCID: PMC7060317.
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NPJ Digit Med. 2020 Mar 06;3:29. doi: 10.1038/s41746-020-0239-1. eCollection 2020.

Continuous, noninvasive wireless monitoring of flow of cerebrospinal fluid through shunts in patients with hydrocephalus.

NPJ digital medicine

Siddharth R Krishnan, Hany M Arafa, Kyeongha Kwon, Yujun Deng, Chun-Ju Su, Jonathan T Reeder, Juliet Freudman, Izabela Stankiewicz, Hsuan-Ming Chen, Robert Loza, Marcus Mims, Mitchell Mims, KunHyuck Lee, Zachary Abecassis, Aaron Banks, Diana Ostojich, Manish Patel, Heling Wang, Kaan Börekçi, Joshua Rosenow, Matthew Tate, Yonggang Huang, Tord Alden, Matthew B Potts, Amit B Ayer, John A Rogers

Affiliations

  1. 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
  2. 2Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
  3. 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
  4. 4State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China.
  5. 5Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
  6. 6Department of Biology, North Park University, Chicago, IL 60625 USA.
  7. 7Department of Biology, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI 48221 USA.
  8. 8Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
  9. 9Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611 USA.
  10. 10College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA.
  11. 11Department of Mechanical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
  12. 12Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611 USA.
  13. 13Department of Neurological Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611 USA.

PMID: 32195364 PMCID: PMC7060317 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-020-0239-1

Abstract

Hydrocephalus is a common disorder caused by the buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain. Treatment typically involves the surgical implantation of a pressure-regulated silicone tube assembly, known as a shunt. Unfortunately, shunts have extremely high failure rates and diagnosing shunt malfunction is challenging due to a combination of vague symptoms and a lack of a convenient means to monitor flow. Here, we introduce a wireless, wearable device that enables precise measurements of CSF flow, continuously or intermittently, in hospitals, laboratories or even in home settings. The technology exploits measurements of thermal transport through near-surface layers of skin to assess flow, with a soft, flexible, and skin-conformal device that can be constructed using commercially available components. Systematic benchtop studies and numerical simulations highlight all of the key considerations. Measurements on 7 patients establish high levels of functionality, with data that reveal time dependent changes in flow associated with positional and inertial effects on the body. Taken together, the results suggest a significant advance in monitoring capabilities for patients with shunted hydrocephalus, with potential for practical use across a range of settings and circumstances, and additional utility for research purposes in studies of CSF hydrodynamics.

© The Author(s) 2020.

Keywords: Diagnostic markers; Sensors and biosensors

Conflict of interest statement

Competing interestsS.R.K., A.B.A. J.T.R., C-J.S., K.H.L., and J.A.R. are inventors on patent applications relevant to the technology discussed here. S.R.K., A.B.A., and J.A.R. are co-founders of Rhaeo

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