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Goumenou M, Sarigiannis D, Tsatsakis A, et al. COVID‑19 in Northern Italy: An integrative overview of factors possibly influencing the sharp increase of the outbreak (Review). Mol Med Rep. 2020;22(1):20-32doi: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11079.
Goumenou, M., Sarigiannis, D., Tsatsakis, A., Anesti, O., Docea, A. O., Petrakis, D., Tsoukalas, D., Kostoff, R., Rakitskii, V., Spandidos, D. A., Aschner, M., & Calina, D. (2020). COVID‑19 in Northern Italy: An integrative overview of factors possibly influencing the sharp increase of the outbreak (Review). Molecular medicine reports, 22(1), 20-32. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2020.11079
Goumenou, Marina, et al. "COVID‑19 in Northern Italy: An integrative overview of factors possibly influencing the sharp increase of the outbreak (Review)." Molecular medicine reports vol. 22,1 (2020): 20-32. doi: https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2020.11079
Goumenou M, Sarigiannis D, Tsatsakis A, Anesti O, Docea AO, Petrakis D, Tsoukalas D, Kostoff R, Rakitskii V, Spandidos DA, Aschner M, Calina D. COVID‑19 in Northern Italy: An integrative overview of factors possibly influencing the sharp increase of the outbreak (Review). Mol Med Rep. 2020 Jul;22(1):20-32. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11079. Epub 2020 Apr 16. PMID: 32319647; PMCID: PMC7248465.
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Mol Med Rep. 2020 Jul;22(1):20-32. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11079. Epub 2020 Apr 16.

COVID‑19 in Northern Italy: An integrative overview of factors possibly influencing the sharp increase of the outbreak (Review).

Molecular medicine reports

Marina Goumenou, Dimosthenis Sarigiannis, Aristidis Tsatsakis, Ourania Anesti, Anca Oana Docea, Dimitrios Petrakis, Dimitris Tsoukalas, Ronald Kostoff, Valeri Rakitskii, Demetrios A Spandidos, Michael Aschner, Daniela Calina

Affiliations

  1. Center of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece.
  2. HERACLES Research Center on the Exposome and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.
  3. Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
  4. Metabolomic Medicine, Health Clinics for Autoimmune and Chronic Diseases, 10674 Athens, Greece.
  5. Research Affiliate, School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Gainesville, VA 20155, USA.
  6. Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene, F.F. Erisman, 141014 Moscow, Russia.
  7. Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece.
  8. I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia.
  9. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.

PMID: 32319647 PMCID: PMC7248465 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11079

Abstract

Italy is currently one of the countries seriously affected by the COVID‑19 pandemic. As per 10 April 2020, 147,577 people were found positive in a total of 906,864 tests performed and 18,849 people lost their lives. Among all cases, 70.2% of positive, and 79.4% of deaths occurred in the provinces of Northern Italy (Lombardi, Emilia Romagna, Veneto and Piemonte), where the outbreak first started. Originally, it was considered that the high number of positive cases and deaths in Italy resulted from COVID‑19 initially coming to Italy from China, its presumed country of origin. However, an analysis of the factors that played a role in the extent of this outbreak is needed. Evaluating which factors could be specific for a country and which might contribute the most is nevertheless complex, with accompanying high uncertainty. The purpose of this work is to discuss some of the possible contributing factors and their possible role in the relatively high infection and death rates in Northern Italy compared to other areas and countries.

Keywords: coVid-19; SarS-coV-2; coronavirus; risk factors; italy; pandemic diseases; public health

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