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Cortese D, Riganello F, Arcuri F, et al. The Trace Conditional Learning of the Noxious Stimulus in UWS Patients and Its Prognostic Value in a GSR and HRV Entropy Study. Front Hum Neurosci. 2020;14:97doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00097.
Cortese, D., Riganello, F., Arcuri, F., Lucca, L., Tonin, P., Schnakers, C., & Laureys, S. (2020). The Trace Conditional Learning of the Noxious Stimulus in UWS Patients and Its Prognostic Value in a GSR and HRV Entropy Study. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 1497. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2020.00097
Cortese, Daniela, et al. "The Trace Conditional Learning of the Noxious Stimulus in UWS Patients and Its Prognostic Value in a GSR and HRV Entropy Study." Frontiers in human neuroscience vol. 14 (2020): 97. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2020.00097
Cortese D, Riganello F, Arcuri F, Lucca L, Tonin P, Schnakers C, Laureys S. The Trace Conditional Learning of the Noxious Stimulus in UWS Patients and Its Prognostic Value in a GSR and HRV Entropy Study. Front Hum Neurosci. 2020 Apr 09;14:97. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00097. eCollection 2020. PMID: 32327985; PMCID: PMC7161674.
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Front Hum Neurosci. 2020 Apr 09;14:97. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00097. eCollection 2020.

The Trace Conditional Learning of the Noxious Stimulus in UWS Patients and Its Prognostic Value in a GSR and HRV Entropy Study.

Frontiers in human neuroscience

Daniela Cortese, Francesco Riganello, Francesco Arcuri, Lucia Lucca, Paolo Tonin, Caroline Schnakers, Steven Laureys

Affiliations

  1. Research in Advanced NeuroRehabilitation, Istituto Sant'Anna, Crotone, Italy.
  2. Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University & Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
  3. Neurosurgery Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
  4. Research Institute, Casa Colina Hospital and Centers of Healthcare, Pomona, CA, United States.

PMID: 32327985 PMCID: PMC7161674 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00097

Abstract

The assessment of the consciousness level of Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome (UWS) patients often depends on a subjective interpretation of the observed spontaneous and volitional behavior. To date, the misdiagnosis level is around 30%. The aim of this study was to observe the behavior of UWS patients, during the administration of noxious stimulation by a Trace Conditioning protocol, assessed by the Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) entropy. We recruited 13 Healthy Control (HC) and 30 UWS patients at 31 ± 9 days from the acute event evaluated by Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) and Nociception Coma Scale (NCS). Two different stimuli [musical stimulus (MUS) and nociceptive stimulus (NOC)], preceded, respectively by two different tones, were administered following the sequences (A) MUS1 - NOC1 - MUS2 - MUS3 - NOC2 - MUS4 - NOC3 - NOC

Copyright © 2020 Cortese, Riganello, Arcuri, Lucca, Tonin, Schnakers and Laureys.

Keywords: Galvanic Skin Response (GSR); HRV (heart rate variability); conditional learning; disorders of consciousness; entropy; pain; trace conditioning; unresponsive wakefulness syndrome

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