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Kalam S, Kamal MS, Patil S, et al. Impact of Spacer Nature and Counter Ions on Rheological Behavior of Novel Polymer-Cationic Gemini Surfactant Systems at High Temperature. Polymers (Basel). 2020;12(5)doi: 10.3390/polym12051027.
Kalam, S., Kamal, M. S., Patil, S., & Hussain, S. M. S. (2020). Impact of Spacer Nature and Counter Ions on Rheological Behavior of Novel Polymer-Cationic Gemini Surfactant Systems at High Temperature. Polymers, 12(5), . https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12051027
Kalam, Shams, et al. "Impact of Spacer Nature and Counter Ions on Rheological Behavior of Novel Polymer-Cationic Gemini Surfactant Systems at High Temperature." Polymers vol. 12,5 (2020). doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12051027
Kalam S, Kamal MS, Patil S, Hussain SMS. Impact of Spacer Nature and Counter Ions on Rheological Behavior of Novel Polymer-Cationic Gemini Surfactant Systems at High Temperature. Polymers (Basel). 2020 May 01;12(5). doi: 10.3390/polym12051027. PMID: 32370027; PMCID: PMC7285173.
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Polymers (Basel). 2020 May 01;12(5). doi: 10.3390/polym12051027.

Impact of Spacer Nature and Counter Ions on Rheological Behavior of Novel Polymer-Cationic Gemini Surfactant Systems at High Temperature.

Polymers

Shams Kalam, Muhammad Shahzad Kamal, Shirish Patil, Syed Muhammad Shakil Hussain

Affiliations

  1. Department of Petroleum Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
  2. Center for Integrative Petroleum Research, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.

PMID: 32370027 PMCID: PMC7285173 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051027

Abstract

Compatible surfactant-polymer (SP) hybrid systems at high temperature are in great demand due to the necessity of chemical flooding in high-temperature oil reservoirs. The rheological properties of novel SP systems were studied. The SP system used in this study consists of a commercial polymer and four in-house synthesized polyoxyethylene cationic gemini surfactants with various spacers (mono phenyl and biphenyl ring) and different counterions (bromide and chloride). The impact of surfactant concentration, spacer nature, counterions, and temperature on the rheological features of SP solutions was examined using oscillation and shear measurements. The results were compared with a pure commercial polymer. All surfactants exhibited good thermal stability in seawater with no precipitation. Shear viscosity and storage modulus were measured as a function of shear rate and angular frequency, respectively. The experimental results revealed that the novel SP solution with a mono phenyl and chloride counterions produces a better performance in comparison with the SP solution, which contains mono phenyl and bromide counterions. Moreover, the effect is enhanced when the mono phenyl ring is replaced with a biphenyl ring. Shear viscosity and storage modulus decrease by increasing surfactant concentration at the same temperature, due to the charge screening effect. Storage modulus and complex viscosity reduce by increasing the temperature at a constant angular frequency of 10 rad/s. Among all studied SP systems, a surfactant containing a biphenyl ring in the spacer with chloride as a counterion has the least effect on the shear viscosity of the polymer. This study improves the understanding of tuning the surfactant composition in making SP solutions with better rheological properties.

Keywords: enhanced oil recovery; gemini surfactants; polymers; rheological properties; surfactant-polymer system

References

  1. Polymers (Basel). 2019 Oct 16;11(10): - PubMed
  2. Materials (Basel). 2020 Feb 26;13(5): - PubMed
  3. Polymers (Basel). 2020 Mar 04;12(3): - PubMed
  4. Polymers (Basel). 2020 Mar 09;12(3): - PubMed

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