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Jayeola OC, Oyagbemi AA, Okunlola OI, et al. Effect of cocoa powder on hypertension and antioxidant status in uninephrectomized hypertensive rats. Vet World. 2020;13(4):695-705doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.695-705.
Jayeola, O. C., Oyagbemi, A. A., Okunlola, O. I., Olubamiwa, O., Omobowale, T. O., Ajibade, T. O., Bolaji-Alabi, F. B., Ogunpolu, B. S., Falayi, O. O., Saba, A. B., Adedapo, A. A., Yakubu, M. A., Oluwadun, A., & Oguntibeju, O. O. (2019). Effect of cocoa powder on hypertension and antioxidant status in uninephrectomized hypertensive rats. Veterinary world, 13(4), 695-705. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.695-705
Jayeola, Olayinka Christianah, et al. "Effect of cocoa powder on hypertension and antioxidant status in uninephrectomized hypertensive rats." Veterinary world vol. 13,4 (2019): 695-705. doi: https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.695-705
Jayeola OC, Oyagbemi AA, Okunlola OI, Olubamiwa O, Omobowale TO, Ajibade TO, Bolaji-Alabi FB, Ogunpolu BS, Falayi OO, Saba AB, Adedapo AA, Yakubu MA, Oluwadun A, Oguntibeju OO. Effect of cocoa powder on hypertension and antioxidant status in uninephrectomized hypertensive rats. Vet World. 2019 Apr;13(4):695-705. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.695-705. Epub 2020 Apr 16. PMID: 32546914; PMCID: PMC7245715.
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Vet World. 2019 Apr;13(4):695-705. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.695-705. Epub 2020 Apr 16.

Effect of cocoa powder on hypertension and antioxidant status in uninephrectomized hypertensive rats.

Veterinary world

Olayinka Christianah Jayeola, Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi, Omolara Ibiwunmi Okunlola, Olayiwola Olubamiwa, Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale, Temitayo Olabisi Ajibade, Foluso Bolawaye Bolaji-Alabi, Blessing Seun Ogunpolu, Olufunke Olubunmi Falayi, Adebowale Benard Saba, Adeolu Alex Adedapo, Momoh Audu Yakubu, Afolabi Oluwadun, Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju

Affiliations

  1. Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
  2. Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
  3. Standard Organization of Nigeria, Block 7, Obafemi Awolowo Way, Alausa Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.
  4. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
  5. Department of Veterinary Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
  6. Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
  7. Department of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Vascular Biology Unit, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (COPHS), Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, USA.
  8. Department of Medical Microbiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu Campus, Sagamu, Nigeria.
  9. Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa.

PMID: 32546914 PMCID: PMC7245715 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.695-705

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIM: High salt diet and uninephrectomy are associated with high blood pressure with attendant cardiovascular disease conditions such as hypertension, renal damage, myocardial infarction, and stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of consumption of cocoa and cocoa-containing products in the management of high blood pressure in uninephrectomized hypertensive rats.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effect of cocoa powder on blood pressure, markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and histopathology were investigated in uninephrectomized animals fed with cocoa feed alone or in combination with a high salt diet. Male rats were randomly divided into five groups: Group A was the control group and fed with normal feed alone, Group B was fed with cocoa feed alone, Group C was fed with high salt diet (8% salt), GroupD was fed with cocoa-feed compounded with 8% salt for 4weeks after uninephrectomy, and GroupE was uninephrectomized rats on a normal diet. The left kidneys of animals in GroupsC, D, and E were removed by surgery. After 4weeks of treatment, the systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure was measured. The serum markers of renal damage and oxidative stress were determined. Histological examination was also performed on renal and cardiac tissues.

RESULTS: Results showed significant increases in biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and renal damage with a concomitant decrease in antioxidant status in hypertensive uninephrectomized rats. Cocoa feed, however, significantly improved blood pressure and nitric oxide bioavailability, antioxidant status and reduced markers of inflammation and oxidative stress.

CONCLUSION: These findings show that cocoa powder could be used to maintain blood pressure levels in hypertensive rats through its antioxidant capacity.

Copyright: © Jayeola, et al.

Keywords: antioxidant therapy; cocoa powder; high salt diet; hypertension; oxidative stress

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