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Reddy BS, Skaria TG, Polepalli S, et al. Factors associated with outcomes in organophosphate and carbamate poisoning: a retrospective study. Toxicol Res. 2020;36(3):257-266doi: 10.1007/s43188-019-00029-x.
Reddy, B. S., Skaria, T. G., Polepalli, S., Vidyasagar, S., Rao, M., Kunhikatta, V., Nair, S., & Thunga, G. (2020). Factors associated with outcomes in organophosphate and carbamate poisoning: a retrospective study. Toxicological research, 36(3), 257-266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43188-019-00029-x
Reddy, B Shrikar, et al. "Factors associated with outcomes in organophosphate and carbamate poisoning: a retrospective study." Toxicological research vol. 36,3 (2020): 257-266. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43188-019-00029-x
Reddy BS, Skaria TG, Polepalli S, Vidyasagar S, Rao M, Kunhikatta V, Nair S, Thunga G. Factors associated with outcomes in organophosphate and carbamate poisoning: a retrospective study. Toxicol Res. 2020 Feb 07;36(3):257-266. doi: 10.1007/s43188-019-00029-x. eCollection 2020 Jul. PMID: 32685430; PMCID: PMC7351927.
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Toxicol Res. 2020 Feb 07;36(3):257-266. doi: 10.1007/s43188-019-00029-x. eCollection 2020 Jul.

Factors associated with outcomes in organophosphate and carbamate poisoning: a retrospective study.

Toxicological research

B Shrikar Reddy, Teny Grace Skaria, Sravani Polepalli, Sudha Vidyasagar, Mahadev Rao, Vijayanarayana Kunhikatta, Sreedharan Nair, Girish Thunga

Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India.
  2. Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.

PMID: 32685430 PMCID: PMC7351927 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-019-00029-x

Abstract

Organophosphate and carbamate (OPC) poisoning is a major global health hazard requiring immediate medical intervention. Atropine (ATR) is an essential antidote in organophosphate and carbamate poisoning, with the inclusion of cholinesterase reactivators and other anticholinergics, namely pralidoxime (PAM) and glycopyrrolate (GPR). This study aimed to compare the efficacy of various treatment regimens and identify the factors affecting mortality. The data of patients presented at the emergency unit with the consumption of OPC compounds between the years 2013 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. The study population was then categorized into four treatment patterns (1) ATR alone, (2) ATR and PAM, (3) ATR and GPR, (4) ATR, PAM and GPR. The outcome of the patients was assessed in terms of survival, intubation, ICU days, and days of ventilation and hospitalization. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate the risk factors associated with mortality and odds ratio (OR). A total of 441 patients were included in the study, of which 69.16% were males, and 375 patients survived. Consumption of poison with a suicidal intention was reported in 98.19% of the patients, and the treatment with ATR and PAM (42.86%) was observed to have lower days of ventilation in comparison to the treatment with ATR and GPR (

© Korean Society of Toxicology 2020.

Keywords: Atropine; Carbamate; Glycopyrrolate; Older age; Organophosphate; Pralidoxime

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interestThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.

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