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Semin Cancer Biol. 2021 Jun;71:122-133. doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.08.001. Epub 2020 Aug 15.

Liver prometastatic reaction: Stimulating factors and responsive cancer phenotypes.

Seminars in cancer biology

Fernando Vidal-Vanaclocha, Olatz Crende, Cira García de Durango, Alejandro Herreros-Pomares, Sandra López-Doménech, Álvaro González, Eva Ruiz-Casares, Thierry Vilboux, Riccardo Caruso, Hipólito Durán, Antonio Gil, Benedetto Ielpo, Fernando Lapuente, Yolanda Quijano, Emilio Vicente, Leticia Vidal-Lartitegui, Eduardo M Sotomayor

Affiliations

  1. Dept. Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, GW Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA), CEU-San Pablo University School of Medicine, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain; Persona Biomed Inc., Alexandria, Virginia, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].
  2. Dept Cell Biology and Histology, Basque Country University School of Pharmacy, Vitoria/Gasteiz, Spain.
  3. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.
  4. Persona Biomed Spain S.L., Valencia, Spain.
  5. Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA), CEU-San Pablo University School of Medicine, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain.
  6. Persona Biomed Inc., Alexandria, Virginia, USA.
  7. Division of General Surgery, HM-Sanchinarro University Hospital, CEU San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain.
  8. Department General Surgery, Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
  9. Service of Hematology, Basque Country University Basurto Hospital, Bilbao, Spain.
  10. Department of Hematology and Oncology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.

PMID: 32805395 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.08.001

Abstract

Cancer is first a localized tissue disorder, whose soluble and exosomal molecules and invasive cells induce a host response providing the stromal components of the primary tumor microenvironment (TME). Once the TME is developed, cancer-derived molecules and cells can more efficiently spread out and a whole-body response takes place, whose pathophysiological changes may result in a paraneoplastic syndrome. Remote organ-specific prometastatic reactions may also occur at this time, facilitating metastatic activities of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) through premetastatic niche development at targeted organs. However, additional signaling factors from the inter-organ communication network involved in the pathophysiology and comorbidities of cancer patients may also regulate prometastatic reaction-stimulating effects of cancer and non-cancer tissue factors. This article provides a conceptual overview of our ongoing clinical research on the liver prometastatic reaction (LPR) of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), their portal vein- and hepatic artery-driven LPR-Stimulating Factors (LPR-SF), and their resulting LPR-derived Metastasis-Stimulating Factors (LPR-MSF) acting on liver-invading CRC cells. In addition, we also provide new insights on the molecular subtyping of LPR-responsive cancer phenotypes in patients with CRC and melanoma; and on how to investigate and interpret the prometastatic infrastructure in the real pathophysiological context of patients with cancer undergoing surgical procedures and receiving pharmacological treatments with multiple side effects, including those affecting the LPR, its stimulating factors and responsive cancer phenotypes.

Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Biomarkers; Colorectal cancer; Exosomal proteins; Gene expression profiling; Inter-organ prometastatic communication; Liver metastasis; Liver prometastatic reaction; Melanoma; Premetastatic niche; Tumor microenvironment

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