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Xie C, Jones KL, Rayner CK, et al. Enteroendocrine Hormone Secretion and Metabolic Control: Importance of the Region of the Gut Stimulation. Pharmaceutics. 2020;12(9)doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090790.
Xie, C., Jones, K. L., Rayner, C. K., & Wu, T. (2020). Enteroendocrine Hormone Secretion and Metabolic Control: Importance of the Region of the Gut Stimulation. Pharmaceutics, 12(9), . https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12090790
Xie, Cong, et al. "Enteroendocrine Hormone Secretion and Metabolic Control: Importance of the Region of the Gut Stimulation." Pharmaceutics vol. 12,9 (2020). doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12090790
Xie C, Jones KL, Rayner CK, Wu T. Enteroendocrine Hormone Secretion and Metabolic Control: Importance of the Region of the Gut Stimulation. Pharmaceutics. 2020 Aug 21;12(9). doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090790. PMID: 32825608; PMCID: PMC7559385.
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Pharmaceutics. 2020 Aug 21;12(9). doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090790.

Enteroendocrine Hormone Secretion and Metabolic Control: Importance of the Region of the Gut Stimulation.

Pharmaceutics

Cong Xie, Karen L Jones, Christopher K Rayner, Tongzhi Wu

Affiliations

  1. Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
  2. Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
  3. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
  4. Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.

PMID: 32825608 PMCID: PMC7559385 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090790

Abstract

It is now widely appreciated that gastrointestinal function is central to the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. Following meal ingestion, the delivery of nutrients from the stomach into the small intestine (i.e., gastric emptying) is tightly controlled to optimise their subsequent digestion and absorption. The complex interaction of intraluminal nutrients (and other bioactive compounds, such as bile acids) with the small and large intestine induces the release of an array of gastrointestinal hormones from specialised enteroendocrine cells (EECs) distributed in various regions of the gut, which in turn to regulate gastric emptying, appetite and postprandial glucose metabolism. Stimulation of gastrointestinal hormone secretion, therefore, represents a promising strategy for the management of metabolic disorders, particularly obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). That EECs are distributed distinctively between the proximal and distal gut suggests that the region of the gut exposed to intraluminal stimuli is of major relevance to the secretion profile of gastrointestinal hormones and associated metabolic responses. This review discusses the process of intestinal digestion and absorption and their impacts on the release of gastrointestinal hormones and the regulation of postprandial metabolism, with an emphasis on the differences between the proximal and distal gut, and implications for the management of obesity and T2DM.

Keywords: energy intake; gastrointestinal hormone; nutrient absorption; nutrient digestion; obesity; postprandial glycaemia; region of the gut; type 2 diabetes

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