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Purinergic Signal. 2021 Mar;17(1):109-115. doi: 10.1007/s11302-020-09733-y. Epub 2020 Oct 06.

Real-time measurement of adenosine and ATP release in the central nervous system.

Purinergic signalling

Nicholas Dale

Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK. [email protected].

PMID: 33025425 PMCID: PMC7954901 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-020-09733-y

Abstract

This brief review recounts how, stimulated by the work of Geoff Burnstock, I developed biosensors that allowed direct real-time measurement of ATP and adenosine during neural function. The initial impetus to create an adenosine biosensor came from trying to understand how ATP and adenosine-modulated motor pattern generation in the frog embryo spinal cord. Early biosensor measurements demonstrated slow accumulation of adenosine during motor activity. Subsequent application of these biosensors characterized real-time release of adenosine in in vitro models of brain ischaemia, and this line of work has recently led to clinical measurements of whole blood purine levels in patients undergoing carotid artery surgery or stroke. In parallel, the wish to understand the role of ATP signalling in the chemosensory regulation of breathing stimulated the development of ATP biosensors. This revealed that release of ATP from the chemosensory areas of the medulla oblongata preceded adaptive changes in breathing, triggered adaptive changes in breathing via activation of P2 receptors, and ultimately led to the discovery of connexin26 as a channel that mediates CO

Keywords: Biosensor; Breathing; Chemosensory; Connexin; Ischaemia; Motor pattern generation

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