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Hertler C, Seiler A, Gramatzki D, et al. Sex-specific and gender-specific aspects in patient-reported outcomes. ESMO Open. 2020;5:e000837doi: 10.1136/esmoopen-2020-000837.
Hertler, C., Seiler, A., Gramatzki, D., Schettle, M., & Blum, D. (2020). Sex-specific and gender-specific aspects in patient-reported outcomes. ESMO open, 5e000837. https://doi.org/10.1136/esmoopen-2020-000837
Hertler, Caroline, et al. "Sex-specific and gender-specific aspects in patient-reported outcomes." ESMO open vol. 5 (2020): e000837. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/esmoopen-2020-000837
Hertler C, Seiler A, Gramatzki D, Schettle M, Blum D. Sex-specific and gender-specific aspects in patient-reported outcomes. ESMO Open. 2020 Nov;5:e000837. doi: 10.1136/esmoopen-2020-000837. PMID: 33184099; PMCID: PMC7662538.
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ESMO Open. 2020 Nov;5:e000837. doi: 10.1136/esmoopen-2020-000837.

Sex-specific and gender-specific aspects in patient-reported outcomes.

ESMO open

Caroline Hertler, Annina Seiler, Dorothee Gramatzki, Markus Schettle, David Blum

Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiation Oncology and Competence Center for Palliative Care, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: [email protected].
  2. Department of Radiation Oncology and Competence Center for Palliative Care, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
  3. Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
  4. Department of Radiation Oncology and Competence Center for Palliative Care, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

PMID: 33184099 PMCID: PMC7662538 DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2020-000837

Abstract

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are important tools in patient-centred medicine and allow for individual assessment of symptom burden and aspects of patients' quality of life. While sex and gender differences have emerged in preclinical and clinical medicine, these differences are not adequately represented in the development and use of patient-reported outcome measures. However, even in personalised approaches, undesirable biases may occur when samples are unbalanced for certain characteristics, such as sex or gender. This review summarises the current status of the literature and trends in PROs with a focus on sex and gender aspects.

© Author (s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. Published by BMJ on behalf of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

Keywords: gender; patient-reported outcome; quality of life; sex; symptom

Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: None declared.

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