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Fontanillo Lopez CA, Li G, Zhang D. Beyond Technologies of Electroencephalography-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces: A Systematic Review From Commercial and Ethical Aspects. Front Neurosci. 2020;14:611130doi: 10.3389/fnins.2020.611130.
Fontanillo Lopez, C. A., Li, G., & Zhang, D. (2020). Beyond Technologies of Electroencephalography-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces: A Systematic Review From Commercial and Ethical Aspects. Frontiers in neuroscience, 14611130. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.611130
Fontanillo Lopez, Cesar Augusto, et al. "Beyond Technologies of Electroencephalography-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces: A Systematic Review From Commercial and Ethical Aspects." Frontiers in neuroscience vol. 14 (2020): 611130. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.611130
Fontanillo Lopez CA, Li G, Zhang D. Beyond Technologies of Electroencephalography-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces: A Systematic Review From Commercial and Ethical Aspects. Front Neurosci. 2020 Dec 17;14:611130. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2020.611130. eCollection 2020. PMID: 33390892; PMCID: PMC7773904.
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Front Neurosci. 2020 Dec 17;14:611130. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2020.611130. eCollection 2020.

Beyond Technologies of Electroencephalography-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces: A Systematic Review From Commercial and Ethical Aspects.

Frontiers in neuroscience

Cesar Augusto Fontanillo Lopez, Guangye Li, Dingguo Zhang

Affiliations

  1. KU-Leuven Center for IT & IP Law, KU-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
  2. The Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
  3. The Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.

PMID: 33390892 PMCID: PMC7773904 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.611130

Abstract

The deployment of electroencephalographic techniques for commercial applications has undergone a rapid growth in recent decades. As they continue to expand in the consumer markets as suitable techniques for monitoring the brain activity, their transformative potential necessitates equally significant ethical inquiries. One of the main questions, which arises then when evaluating these kinds of applications, is whether they should be aligned or not with the main ethical concerns reported by scholars and experts. Thus, the present work attempts to unify these disciplines of knowledge by performing a comprehensive scan of the major electroencephalographic market applications as well as their most relevant ethical concerns arising from the existing literature. In this literature review, different databases were consulted, which presented conceptual and empirical discussions and findings about commercial and ethical aspects of electroencephalography. Subsequently, the content was extracted from the articles and the main conclusions were presented. Finally, an external assessment of the outcomes was conducted in consultation with an expert panel in some of the topic areas such as biomedical engineering, biomechatronics, and neuroscience. The ultimate purpose of this review is to provide a genuine insight into the cutting-edge practical attempts at electroencephalography. By the same token, it seeks to highlight the overlap between the market needs and the ethical standards that should govern the deployment of electroencephalographic consumer-grade solutions, providing a practical approach that overcomes the engineering myopia of certain ethical discussions.

Copyright © 2020 Fontanillo Lopez, Li and Zhang.

Keywords: EEG; brain-computer interface; commercial aspects; electroencephalography; ethical aspects

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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