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J Crohns Colitis. 2021 Jul 05;15(7):1222-1235. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa257.

Organoid-based Models to Study the Role of Host-microbiota Interactions in IBD.

Journal of Crohn's & colitis

Martina Poletti, Kaline Arnauts, Marc Ferrante, Tamas Korcsmaros

Affiliations

  1. Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
  2. Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
  3. Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing [CHROMETA], Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders [TARGID], KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
  4. Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute Leuven [SCIL], KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
  5. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

PMID: 33341879 PMCID: PMC8256633 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa257

Abstract

The gut microbiota appears to play a central role in health, and alterations in the gut microbiota are observed in both forms of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], namely Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Yet, the mechanisms behind host-microbiota interactions in IBD, especially at the intestinal epithelial cell level, are not yet fully understood. Dissecting the role of host-microbiota interactions in disease onset and progression is pivotal, and requires representative models mimicking the gastrointestinal ecosystem, including the intestinal epithelium, the gut microbiota, and immune cells. New advancements in organoid microfluidics technology are facilitating the study of IBD-related microbial-epithelial cross-talk, and the discovery of novel microbial therapies. Here, we review different organoid-based ex vivo models that are currently available, and benchmark their suitability and limitations for specific research questions. Organoid applications, such as patient-derived organoid biobanks for microbial screening and 'omics technologies, are discussed, highlighting their potential to gain better mechanistic insights into disease mechanisms and eventually allow personalised medicine.

© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation.

Keywords: in vitro models; Inflammatory bowel disease; microbiota; organoids

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