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Sensoy Bahar O, Ssewamala FM, Ibrahim A, et al. Anzansi family program: a study protocol for a combination intervention addressing developmental and health outcomes for adolescent girls at risk of unaccompanied migration. Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2020;6(1):190doi: 10.1186/s40814-020-00737-4.
Sensoy Bahar, O., Ssewamala, F. M., Ibrahim, A., Boateng, A., Nabunya, P., Neilands, T. B., Asampong, E., & McKay, M. M. (2020). Anzansi family program: a study protocol for a combination intervention addressing developmental and health outcomes for adolescent girls at risk of unaccompanied migration. Pilot and feasibility studies, 6(1), 190. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40814-020-00737-4
Sensoy Bahar, Ozge, et al. "Anzansi family program: a study protocol for a combination intervention addressing developmental and health outcomes for adolescent girls at risk of unaccompanied migration." Pilot and feasibility studies vol. 6,1 (2020): 190. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40814-020-00737-4
Sensoy Bahar O, Ssewamala FM, Ibrahim A, Boateng A, Nabunya P, Neilands TB, Asampong E, McKay MM. Anzansi family program: a study protocol for a combination intervention addressing developmental and health outcomes for adolescent girls at risk of unaccompanied migration. Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2020 Dec 07;6(1):190. doi: 10.1186/s40814-020-00737-4. PMID: 33372647; PMCID: PMC7720564.
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Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2020 Dec 07;6(1):190. doi: 10.1186/s40814-020-00737-4.

Anzansi family program: a study protocol for a combination intervention addressing developmental and health outcomes for adolescent girls at risk of unaccompanied migration.

Pilot and feasibility studies

Ozge Sensoy Bahar, Fred M Ssewamala, Abdallah Ibrahim, Alice Boateng, Proscovia Nabunya, Torsten B Neilands, Emmanuel Asampong, Mary M McKay

Affiliations

  1. Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1196, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA. [email protected].
  2. Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1196, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
  3. School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
  4. Department of Social Work, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
  5. School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, LA, USA.

PMID: 33372647 PMCID: PMC7720564 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-020-00737-4

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The International Labor Organization (ILO) estimates that 11% of children (ages 5 to 17) worldwide are child laborers. ILO recently drew attention to migrant child laborers as an underreported, but more vulnerable group to adverse outcomes relative to children working locally. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) continues to be the continent with the highest rates of child labor, with Ghana registering one of the highest incidence rates at 22%, including unaccompanied child migrants engaged in labor. Adolescent girls make up the majority of unaccompanied rural-to-urban migrants in search of better economic opportunities. Studies document the myriad of serious threats to health and emotional well-being experienced by adolescent girls who migrate to engage in child labor. These threats underline the urgent need for theoretically informed preventive interventions, specifically tailored to address the root causes of female child migrant labor and the needs of girls from economically insecure families and communities.

METHODS: A two-arm cluster randomized control trial will be conducted to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary impact of ANZANSI (family economic empowerment + multiple family groups) among 100 adolescent girls and their caregivers in the Northern Region of Ghana. Ten schools will be randomly selected from a list of eligible schools, and randomized to one of two study arms: (1) control arm (n = 5 schools, n = 50 adolescent-caregiver dyads); (2) treatment arm (n = 5 schools, n = 50 adolescent-caregiver dyads) receiving ANZANSI over a 9-month period. Adolescents (ages 11 to 14) in the same school will be assigned to the same study condition to avoid contamination.

DISCUSSION: The primary aim of the study is to address the urgent need for theoretically and empirically informed interventions that prevent adolescent girls' unaccompanied rural-to-urban migration for child labor. Existing programs are not preventive and primarily target children who already migrated to the city and are living and working on the streets. This study is one of the first studies to pilot test a combination intervention, integrating family economic empowerment targeting household poverty with multiple family groups addressing family cohesion and perceptions on gender norms, child education/labor, all of which are factors, when combined, force girls to drop out of school and migrate.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov ; NCT04231669 ; Registered January 18, 2020.

Keywords: Adolescent girls; Child independent migration; Child labor; Ghana; Intervention

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