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Odili AN, Danladi B, Chori BS, et al. Prevalence and Determinants of Masked Hypertension in Nigeria: The REMAH Study. Am J Hypertens. 2021;34(4):359-366doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa211.
Odili, A. N., Danladi, B., Chori, B. S., Oshaju, H., Nwakile, P. C., Okoye, I. C., Abdullahi, U., Nwegbu, M. M., Zawaya, K., Essien, I., Sada, K., Ogedengbe, J. O., Aje, A., & Isiguzo, G. C. (2021). Prevalence and Determinants of Masked Hypertension in Nigeria: The REMAH Study. American journal of hypertension, 34(4), 359-366. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpaa211
Odili, Augustine N, et al. "Prevalence and Determinants of Masked Hypertension in Nigeria: The REMAH Study." American journal of hypertension vol. 34,4 (2021): 359-366. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpaa211
Odili AN, Danladi B, Chori BS, Oshaju H, Nwakile PC, Okoye IC, Abdullahi U, Nwegbu MM, Zawaya K, Essien I, Sada K, Ogedengbe JO, Aje A, Isiguzo GC. Prevalence and Determinants of Masked Hypertension in Nigeria: The REMAH Study. Am J Hypertens. 2021 Apr 20;34(4):359-366. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa211. PMID: 33315068.
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Am J Hypertens. 2021 Apr 20;34(4):359-366. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa211.

Prevalence and Determinants of Masked Hypertension in Nigeria: The REMAH Study.

American journal of hypertension

Augustine N Odili, Benjamin Danladi, Babangida S Chori, Henry Oshaju, Peter C Nwakile, Innocent C Okoye, Umar Abdullahi, Maxwell M Nwegbu, Kefas Zawaya, Ime Essien, Kabiru Sada, John O Ogedengbe, Akinyemi Aje, Godsent C Isiguzo

Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology, Circulatory Health Research Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria.
  2. Department of Community Health, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria.
  3. Department of Medicine, Chukwuemeka Odumegu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital, Awka, Nigeria.
  4. Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre Gusau, Gusau, Nigeria.
  5. Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria.
  6. Department of Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe, Gombe, Nigeria.
  7. Department of Medicine, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria.
  8. Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria.
  9. Department of Medicine, University College Hospital Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
  10. Department of Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Nigeria.

PMID: 33315068 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa211

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Estimating the burden of hypertension in Nigeria hitherto relied on clinic blood pressure (BP) measurement alone. This excludes individuals with masked hypertension (MH), i.e., normotensive clinic but hypertensive out-of-clinic BP.

METHODS: In a nationally representative sample of adult Nigerians, we obtained clinic BP using auscultatory method and out-of-clinic BP by self-measured home BP with semi-automated oscillometric device. Clinic BP was average of 5 consecutive measurements and home BP was average of 3 days duplicate morning and evening readings. MH was clinic BP <140 mm Hg systolic and 90 mm Hg diastolic and home BP ≥135 mm Hg systolic and/or 85 mm Hg diastolic.

RESULTS: Among 933 participants, the prevalence of sustained hypertension, MH, and white-coat hypertension was 28.3%, 7.9%, and 11.9%, respectively. Among subjects whose clinic BP were in the normotensive range (n = 558), the prevalence of MH was 13%; 12% among untreated and 27% among treated individuals. The mutually adjusted odds ratios of having MH among all participants with normotensive clinic BP were 1.33 (95% confidence interval, 1.10-1.60) for a 10-year higher age, 1.59 (1.09-2.40) for a 10 mm Hg increment in systolic clinic BP, and 1.16 (1.08-1.28) for a 10 mg/dl higher random blood glucose. The corresponding estimates in the untreated population were 1.24 (1.03-1.51), 1.56 (1.04-2.44), and 1.16 (1.08-1.29), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: MH is common in Nigeria and increasing age, clinic systolic BP, and random blood glucose are the risk factors.

© American Journal of Hypertension, Ltd 2020. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: [email protected].

Keywords: Nigeria; blood pressure; clinic BP; home BP; hypertension; masked hypertension; white-coat hypertension

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