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Jafari A, Rajabi A, Gholian-Aval M, et al. National, regional, and global prevalence of cigarette smoking among women/females in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Health Prev Med. 2021;26(1):5doi: 10.1186/s12199-020-00924-y.
Jafari, A., Rajabi, A., Gholian-Aval, M., Peyman, N., Mahdizadeh, M., & Tehrani, H. (2021). National, regional, and global prevalence of cigarette smoking among women/females in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environmental health and preventive medicine, 26(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12199-020-00924-y
Jafari, Alireza, et al. "National, regional, and global prevalence of cigarette smoking among women/females in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Environmental health and preventive medicine vol. 26,1 (2021): 5. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12199-020-00924-y
Jafari A, Rajabi A, Gholian-Aval M, Peyman N, Mahdizadeh M, Tehrani H. National, regional, and global prevalence of cigarette smoking among women/females in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Health Prev Med. 2021 Jan 08;26(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s12199-020-00924-y. PMID: 33419408; PMCID: PMC7796590.
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Environ Health Prev Med. 2021 Jan 08;26(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s12199-020-00924-y.

National, regional, and global prevalence of cigarette smoking among women/females in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Environmental health and preventive medicine

Alireza Jafari, Abdolhalim Rajabi, Mahdi Gholian-Aval, Nooshin Peyman, Mehrsadat Mahdizadeh, Hadi Tehrani

Affiliations

  1. Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
  2. Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department, Faculty of Health, Environmental Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
  3. Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
  4. Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. [email protected].

PMID: 33419408 PMCID: PMC7796590 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-020-00924-y

Abstract

BACKGROUND: This systematic and meta-analysis review aimed to provide an updated estimate of the prevalence of ever and current cigarette smoking in women, in geographic areas worldwide, and demonstrate a trend of the prevalence of smoking over time by using a cumulative meta-analysis.

METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published on the prevalence of ever and current cigarette smoking in women. We searched PubMed, Web of Science (ISI), Scopus, and Ovid from January 2010 to April 2020. The reference lists of the studies included in this review were also screened. Data were reviewed and extracted independently by two authors. A random effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of ever and current cigarette smoking in women. Sources of heterogeneity among the studies were determined using subgroup analysis and meta-regression.

RESULTS: The pooled prevalence of ever and current cigarette smoking in women was 28% and 17%, respectively. The pooled prevalence of ever cigarette smoking in adolescent girls/students of the school, adult women, pregnant women, and women with the disease was 23%, 27%, 32%, and 38%, respectively. The pooled prevalence of ever cigarette smoking in the continents of Oceania, Asia, Europe, America, and Africa was 36%, 14%, 38%, 31%, and 32%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of cigarette smoking among women is very high, which is significant in all subgroups of adolescents, adults, and pregnant women. Therefore, it is necessary to design and implement appropriate educational programs for them, especially in schools, to reduce the side effects and prevalence of smoking among women.

Keywords: Cigarette smoking; Nicotine; Prevalence; Tobacco; Women

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