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Wolpe AG, Ruddiman CA, Hall PJ, et al. Polarized Proteins in Endothelium and Their Contribution to Function. J Vasc Res. 2021;58(2):65-91doi: 10.1159/000512618.
Wolpe, A. G., Ruddiman, C. A., Hall, P. J., & Isakson, B. E. (2021). Polarized Proteins in Endothelium and Their Contribution to Function. Journal of vascular research, 58(2), 65-91. https://doi.org/10.1159/000512618
Wolpe, Abigail G, et al. "Polarized Proteins in Endothelium and Their Contribution to Function." Journal of vascular research vol. 58,2 (2021): 65-91. doi: https://doi.org/10.1159/000512618
Wolpe AG, Ruddiman CA, Hall PJ, Isakson BE. Polarized Proteins in Endothelium and Their Contribution to Function. J Vasc Res. 2021;58(2):65-91. doi: 10.1159/000512618. Epub 2021 Jan 27. PMID: 33503620; PMCID: PMC7954879.
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J Vasc Res. 2021;58(2):65-91. doi: 10.1159/000512618. Epub 2021 Jan 27.

Polarized Proteins in Endothelium and Their Contribution to Function.

Journal of vascular research

Abigail G Wolpe, Claire A Ruddiman, Phillip J Hall, Brant E Isakson

Affiliations

  1. Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
  2. Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
  3. Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
  4. Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, [email protected].
  5. Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, [email protected].

PMID: 33503620 PMCID: PMC7954879 DOI: 10.1159/000512618

Abstract

Protein localization in endothelial cells is tightly regulated to create distinct signaling domains within their tight spatial restrictions including luminal membranes, abluminal membranes, and interendothelial junctions, as well as caveolae and calcium signaling domains. Protein localization in endothelial cells is also determined in part by the vascular bed, with differences between arteries and veins and between large and small arteries. Specific protein polarity and localization is essential for endothelial cells in responding to various extracellular stimuli. In this review, we examine protein localization in the endothelium of resistance arteries, with occasional references to other vessels for contrast, and how that polarization contributes to endothelial function and ultimately whole organism physiology. We highlight the protein localization on the luminal surface, discussing important physiological receptors and the glycocalyx. The protein polarization to the abluminal membrane is especially unique in small resistance arteries with the presence of the myoendothelial junction, a signaling microdomain that regulates vasodilation, feedback to smooth muscle cells, and ultimately total peripheral resistance. We also discuss the interendothelial junction, where tight junctions, adherens junctions, and gap junctions all convene and regulate endothelial function. Finally, we address planar cell polarity, or axial polarity, and how this is regulated by mechanosensory signals like blood flow.

© 2021 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Keywords: Arteriole; Endothelium; Protein localization; Signaling domains

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