Display options
Cite
Lou Y, Lei Y, Astikainen P, et al. Brain responses of dysphoric and control participants during a self-esteem implicit association test. Psychophysiology. 2021;58(4):e13768doi: 10.1111/psyp.13768.
Lou, Y., Lei, Y., Astikainen, P., Peng, W., Otieno, S., & Leppänen, P. H. T. (2021). Brain responses of dysphoric and control participants during a self-esteem implicit association test. Psychophysiology, 58(4), e13768. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13768
Lou, Yixue, et al. "Brain responses of dysphoric and control participants during a self-esteem implicit association test." Psychophysiology vol. 58,4 (2021): e13768. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13768
Lou Y, Lei Y, Astikainen P, Peng W, Otieno S, Leppänen PHT. Brain responses of dysphoric and control participants during a self-esteem implicit association test. Psychophysiology. 2021 Apr;58(4):e13768. doi: 10.1111/psyp.13768. Epub 2021 Feb 04. PMID: 33538346.
Copy Download .nbib Format: NLM
Share it on

Psychophysiology. 2021 Apr;58(4):e13768. doi: 10.1111/psyp.13768. Epub 2021 Feb 04.

Brain responses of dysphoric and control participants during a self-esteem implicit association test.

Psychophysiology

Yixue Lou, Yi Lei, Piia Astikainen, Weiwei Peng, Suzanne Otieno, Paavo H T Leppänen

Affiliations

  1. Institute for Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China.
  2. Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
  3. School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.

PMID: 33538346 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13768

Abstract

Previous studies have reported lowered implicit self-esteem at the behavioral level among depressed individuals. However, brain responses related to the lowered implicit self-esteem have not been investigated in people with depression. Here, event-related potentials were measured in 28 dysphoric participants (individuals with elevated amounts of depressive symptoms) and 30 control participants during performance of an implicit association task (IAT) suggested to reflect implicit self-esteem. Despite equivalent behavioral performance, differences in brain responses were observed between the dysphoric and the control groups in late positive component (LPC) within 400-1,000 ms poststimulus latency. For the dysphoric group, self-negativity mapping stimuli (me with negative word pairing and not-me with positive word pairing) induced significantly larger LPC amplitude as compared to self-positivity mapping stimuli (me with positive pairing and not-me with negative pairing), whereas the control group showed the opposite pattern. These results suggest a more efficient categorization toward implicit self-is-negative association, possibly reflecting lower implicit self-esteem among the dysphoric participants, in comparison to the controls. These results demonstrate the need for further investigation into the functional significance of LPC modulation during IAT and determination of whether LPC can be used as a neural marker of depressive-related implicit self-esteem.

© 2021 Society for Psychophysiological Research.

Keywords: depressive symptoms; dysphoria; event-related potentials (ERPs); implicit association test (IAT); implicit self-esteem; late positive component (LPC)

References

  1. Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression: Clinical, experimental, and theoretical aspects. Hoeber Medical Division, Harper and Row. - PubMed
  2. Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. Guilford Press. - PubMed
  3. Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Beck depression inventory (2nd ed.). Psychological Corporation. - PubMed
  4. Bosson, J. K., Swann, W. B., Jr., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2000). Stalking the perfect measure of implicit self-esteem: The blind men and the elephant revisited? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(4), 631-643. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.79.4.631 - PubMed
  5. Chen, L., Zhou, H., Gu, Y., Wang, S., Wang, J., Tian, L., Zhu, H., & Zhou, Z. (2018). The neural correlates of implicit cognitive bias toward internet-related cues in internet addiction: An ERP study. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 421. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00421 - PubMed
  6. Chen, Y., Zhong, Y., Zhou, H., Zhang, S., Tan, Q., & Fan, W. (2014). Evidence for implicit self-positivity bias: An event-related brain potential study. Experimental Brain Research, 232(3), 985-994. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-013-3810-z - PubMed
  7. Clak, D. A., Beck, A. T., & Alford, B. A. (1999). Scientific foundations of cognitive theory and therapy of depression. Wiley. - PubMed
  8. Coates, M. A., & Campbell, K. B. (2010). Event-related potential measures of processing during an implicit association test. NeuroReport, 21(16), 1029-1033. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNR.0b013e32833f5e7d - PubMed
  9. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. New Jersey Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. - PubMed
  10. Delaveau, P., Jabourian, M., Lemogne, C., Allaïli, N., Choucha, W., Girault, N., Lehericy, S., Laredo, J., & Fossati, P. (2016). Antidepressant short-term and long-term brain effects during self-referential processing in major depression. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 247, 17-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.11.007 - PubMed
  11. Egenolf, Y., Stein, M., Koenig, T., Holtforth, M. G., Dierks, T., & Caspar, F. (2013). Tracking the implicit self using event-related potentials. Cognitive Affective and Behavioral Neuroscience, 13(4), 885-899. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-013-0169-3 - PubMed
  12. Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149-1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149 - PubMed
  13. Fleischhauer, M., Strobel, A., Diers, K., & Enge, S. (2014). Electrophysiological evidence for early perceptual facilitation and efficient categorization of self-related stimuli during an implicit association test measuring neuroticism. Psychophysiology, 51(2), 142-151. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12162 - PubMed
  14. Franck, E., Raedt, R. D., Dereu, M., & Van den Abbeele, D. (2007). Implicit and explicit self-esteem in currently depressed individuals with and without suicidal ideation. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 38(1), 75-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2006.05.003 - PubMed
  15. Gable, P. A., Adams, D. L., & Proudfit, G. H. (2015). Transient tasks and enduring emotions: The impacts of affective content, task relevance, and picture duration on the sustained late positive potential. Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Neuroscience, 15(1), 45-54. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-014-0313-8 - PubMed
  16. Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (1995). Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes. Psychological Review, 102(1), 4-27. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.102.1.4 - PubMed
  17. Greenwald, A. G., & Farnham, D. S. (2000). Using the implicit association test to measure self-esteem and self-concept. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(6), 1022-1038. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.79.6.1022 - PubMed
  18. Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., & Schwartz, J. L. K. (1998). Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(6), 1464-1480. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1464 - PubMed
  19. Greenwald, A. G., Nosek, B. A., & Banaji, M. R. (2003). Understanding and using the implicit association test: I. An improved scoring algorithm. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 197-216. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.197 - PubMed
  20. Grundy, J. G., Benarroch, M. F. F., Lebarr, A. N., & Shedden, J. M. (2015). Electrophysiological correlates of implicit valenced self-processing in high vs. low self-esteem individuals. Social Neuroscience, 10(1), 100-112. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470919.2014.965339 - PubMed
  21. Healy, G. F., Boran, L., & Smeaton, A. F. (2015). Neural patterns of the implicit association test. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 9:605. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00605 - PubMed
  22. Huang, X., & Zhang, S. (1992). Desirability, meaningfulness and familiarity ratings of 562 personality-trait adjectives. Psychological Science, 5, 17-22.(in Chinese) - PubMed
  23. Ibáñez, A., Gleichgerrcht, E., Hurtado, E., González, R., Haye, A., & Manes, F. F. (2010). Early neural markers of implicit attitudes: N170 modulated by intergroup and evaluative contexts in IAT. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 4(188), 188. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2010.00188 - PubMed
  24. Jabben, N., de Jong, P. J., Kupka, R. W., Glashouwer, K. A., Nolen, W. A., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2014). Implicit and explicit self-associations in bipolar disorder: A comparison with healthy controls and unipolar depressive disorder. Psychiatry Research, 215(2), 329-334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2013.11.030 - PubMed
  25. Kesting, M.-L., Mehl, S., Rief, W., Lindenmeyer, J., & Lincoln, T. M. (2011). When paranoia fails to enhance self-esteem: Explicit and implicit self-esteem and its discrepancy in patients with persecutory delusions compared to depressed and healthy controls. Psychiatry Research, 186(2-3), 197-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2010.08.036 - PubMed
  26. Leeuwis, F. H., Koot, H. M., Creemers, D. H., & van Lier, P. A. (2015). Implicit and explicit self-esteem discrepancies, victimization and the development of late childhood internalizing problems. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 43(5), 909-919. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-014-9959-5 - PubMed
  27. Lemmens, L. H., Roefs, A., Arntz, A., van Teeseling, H. C., Peeters, F., & Huibers, M. J. (2014). The value of an implicit self-associative measure specific to core beliefs of depression. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 45(1), 196-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2013.10.006 - PubMed
  28. Lou, Y., Lei, Y., Mei, Y., Leppänen, P. H. T., & Li, H. (2019). Review of abnormal self-knowledge in major depressive disorder. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 130. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00130 - PubMed
  29. Luck, S. J. (2005). An introduction to event-related potentials and their neural origins. In S. J. Luck (Ed.), An introduction to the event-related potential technique (Vol. 1, pp. 2-48). MIT Press. - PubMed
  30. Kok A. (2001). On the utility of P3 amplitude as a measure of processing capacity. Psychophysiology, 38 (3), 557-577. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0048577201990559. - PubMed
  31. Mezulis, A. H., Abramson, L. Y., Hyde, J. S., & Hankin, B. L. (2004). Is there a universal positivity bias in attributions? A meta-analytic review of individual, developmental, and cultural differences in the self-serving attributional bias. Psychological Bulletin, 130(5), 711-747. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.130.5.711 - PubMed
  32. Pahl, S., & Eiser, J. R. (2005). Valence, comparison focus and self-positivity biases: Does it matter whether people judge positive or negative traits? Experimental Psychology, 52(4), 303-310. https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.52.4.303 - PubMed
  33. Polich, J. (2007). Updating P300: An integrative theory of P3a and P3b. Clinical Neurophysiology, 118(10), 2128-2148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2007.04.019 - PubMed
  34. Risch, A. K., Buba, A., Birk, U., Morina, N., Steffens, M. C., & Stangier, U. (2010). Implicit self-esteem in recurrently depressed patients. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 41(3), 199-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.01.003 - PubMed
  35. Roberts, J. E., Porter, A., & Vergara-Lopez, C. (2015). Implicit and explicit self-esteem in previously and never depressed individuals: Baseline differences and reactivity to rumination. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 40(2), 164-172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-015-9732-2 - PubMed
  36. Röhner, J., Schröder-Abé, M., & Schütz, A. (2011). Exaggeration is harder than understatement, but practice makes perfect! Faking success in the IAT. Experimental Psychology, 58(6), 464-472. https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000114 - PubMed
  37. Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton University Press. - PubMed
  38. Rozenkrants B., Polich J. (2008). Affective ERP processing in a visual oddball task: Arousal, valence, and gender. Clinical Neurophysiology, 119 (10), 2260-2265. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2008.07.213 - PubMed
  39. Schiller, B., Gianotti, L. R. R., Baumgartner, T., Nash, K., Koenig, T., & Knoch, D. (2016). Clocking the social mind by identifying mental processes in the IAT with electrical neuroimaging. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(10), 2786-2791. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1515828113 - PubMed
  40. Schupp, H. T., Flaisch, T., Stockburger, J., & Junghöfer, M. (2006). Emotion and attention: event-related brain potential studies. Progress in Brain Research, 156, 31-51. - PubMed
  41. Smeijers, D., Vrijsen, J. N., van Oostrom, I., Isaac, L., Speckens, A., Becker, E. S., & Rinck, M. (2017). Implicit and explicit self-esteem in remitted depressed patients. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 54, 301-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.10.006 - PubMed
  42. van Nunspeet, F., Ellemers, N., Derks, B., & Nieuwenhuis, S. (2014). Moral concerns increase attention and response monitoring during IAT performance: ERP evidence. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 9(2), 141-149. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nss118 - PubMed
  43. van Randenborgh, A., Pawelzik, M., Quirin, M., & Kuhl, J. (2016). Bad roots to grow: Deficient implicit self-evaluations in chronic depression with an early onset. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 72(6), 580-590. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22275 - PubMed
  44. van Tuijl, L. A., Glashouwer, K. A., Bockting, C. L., Tendeiro, J. N., Penninx, B. W., & de Jong, P. J. (2016). Implicit and explicit self-esteem in current, remitted, recovered, and comorbid depression and anxiety disorders: The NESDA study. PLoS ONE, 11(11), e0166116. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166116 - PubMed
  45. Verleger R., Jaśkowski P., Wascher E. (2005). Evidence for an Integrative Role of P3b in Linking Reaction to Perception. Journal of Psychophysiology, 19 (3), 165-181. http://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803.19.3.165 - PubMed
  46. Verleger R., Śmigasiewicz K. (2016). Do rare stimuli evoke large P3s by being unexpected? A comparison of oddball effects between standard-oddball and prediction-oddball tasks. Advances in Cognitive Psychology, 12 (2), 88-104. https://doi.org/10.5709/acp-0189-9 - PubMed
  47. Vianello, M., & Bar-Anan, Y. (2020). Can the implicit association test measure automatic judgment? The validation continues. Perspectives on Psychological Science, Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691619897960 - PubMed
  48. Wang, Y., Zhou, L., & Luo, Y. (2008). The pilot establishment and evaluation of Chinese affective words system. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 22(8), 608-612.(in Chinese) - PubMed
  49. Watson, L. A., Dritschel, B., Obonsawin, M. C., & Jentzsch, I. (2007). Seeing yourself in a positive light: Brain correlates of the self-positivity bias. Brain Research, 1152(1), 106-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2007.03.049 - PubMed
  50. Williams, J. M. G. (1997). Depression. In D. M. Clark & C. G. Fairburn (Eds.), Science and practice of cognitive behaviour therapy (pp. 259-283). Oxford University Press. - PubMed
  51. Williams, J. K., & Themanson, J. R. (2011). Neural correlates of the implicit association test: Evidence for semantic and emotional processing. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 6(4), 468-476. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsq065 - PubMed
  52. Wu, L., Cai, H., Gu, R., Luo, Y. L. L., Zhang, J., Yang, J., Shi, Y., & Ding, L. (2014). Neural manifestations of implicit self-esteem: An ERP study. PLoS ONE, 9(7), e101837. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0101837 - PubMed
  53. Wu, L., Gu, R., Cai, H., & Zhang, J. (2016). Electrophysiological evidence for executive control and efficient categorization involved in implicit self-evaluation. Social Neuroscience, 11(2), 153-163. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470919.2015.1044673 - PubMed
  54. Xiao, F., Zheng, Z., Wang, Y., Cui, J., & Chen, Y. (2015). Conflict monitoring and stimulus categorization processes involved in the prosocial attitude implicit association test: Evidence from event-related potentials. Social Neuroscience, 10(4), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470919.2014.1003598 - PubMed
  55. Yang, J., & Zhang, Q. (2009). P300 as an index of implicit self-esteem. Neurological Research, Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1179/174313209x431138 - PubMed

Publication Types