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Wong XY, Quesada-González D, Manickam S, et al. Integrating gold nanoclusters, folic acid and reduced graphene oxide for nanosensing of glutathione based on "turn-off" fluorescence. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):2375doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-81677-8.
Wong, X. Y., Quesada-González, D., Manickam, S., New, S. Y., Muthoosamy, K., & Merkoçi, A. (2021). Integrating gold nanoclusters, folic acid and reduced graphene oxide for nanosensing of glutathione based on "turn-off" fluorescence. Scientific reports, 11(1), 2375. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81677-8
Wong, Xin Yi, et al. "Integrating gold nanoclusters, folic acid and reduced graphene oxide for nanosensing of glutathione based on "turn-off" fluorescence." Scientific reports vol. 11,1 (2021): 2375. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81677-8
Wong XY, Quesada-González D, Manickam S, New SY, Muthoosamy K, Merkoçi A. Integrating gold nanoclusters, folic acid and reduced graphene oxide for nanosensing of glutathione based on "turn-off" fluorescence. Sci Rep. 2021 Jan 27;11(1):2375. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-81677-8. PMID: 33504892; PMCID: PMC7841173.
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Sci Rep. 2021 Jan 27;11(1):2375. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-81677-8.

Integrating gold nanoclusters, folic acid and reduced graphene oxide for nanosensing of glutathione based on "turn-off" fluorescence.

Scientific reports

Xin Yi Wong, Daniel Quesada-González, Sivakumar Manickam, Siu Yee New, Kasturi Muthoosamy, Arben Merkoçi

Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
  2. Paperdrop Diagnostics, Av. de Can Domènech s/n, Eureka Building, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
  3. Nanotechnology Research Group, Centre of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
  4. Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam.
  5. School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
  6. Nanotechnology Research Group, Centre of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia. [email protected].
  7. Nanobioelectronics and Biosensors Group, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain. [email protected].
  8. The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, 08036, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. [email protected].
  9. ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain. [email protected].

PMID: 33504892 PMCID: PMC7841173 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81677-8

Abstract

Glutathione (GSH) is a useful biomarker in the development, diagnosis and treatment of cancer. However, most of the reported GSH biosensors are expensive, time-consuming and often require complex sample treatment, which limit its biological applications. Herein, a nanobiosensor for the detection of GSH using folic acid-functionalized reduced graphene oxide-modified BSA gold nanoclusters (FA-rGO-BSA/AuNCs) based on the fluorescence quenching interactions is presented. Firstly, a facile and optimized protocol for the fabrication of BSA/AuNCs is developed. Functionalization of rGO with folic acid is performed using EDC/NHS cross-linking reagents, and their interaction after loading with BSA/AuNCs is demonstrated. The formation of FA-rGO, BSA/AuNCs and FA-rGO-BSA/AuNCs are confirmed by the state-of-art characterization techniques. Finally, a fluorescence turn-off sensing strategy is developed using the as-synthesized FA-rGO-BSA/AuNCs for the detection of GSH. The nanobiosensor revealed an excellent sensing performance for the detection of GSH with high sensitivity and desirable selectivity over other potential interfering species. The fluorescence quenching is linearly proportional to the concentration of GSH between 0 and 1.75 µM, with a limit of detection of 0.1 µM under the physiological pH conditions (pH 7.4). Such a sensitive nanobiosensor paves the way to fabricate a "turn-on" or "turn-off" fluorescent sensor for important biomarkers in cancer cells, presenting potential nanotheranostic applications in biological detection and clinical diagnosis.

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