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Liu B, Du Y, Wu Y, et al. Prevalence and Distribution of Electronic Cigarette Use Before and During Pregnancy Among Women in 38 States of the United States. Nicotine Tob Res. 2021;23(9):1459-1467doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntab041.
Liu, B., Du, Y., Wu, Y., Sun, Y., Santillan, M. K., Santillan, D. A., & Bao, W. (2021). Prevalence and Distribution of Electronic Cigarette Use Before and During Pregnancy Among Women in 38 States of the United States. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 23(9), 1459-1467. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntab041
Liu, Buyun, et al. "Prevalence and Distribution of Electronic Cigarette Use Before and During Pregnancy Among Women in 38 States of the United States." Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco vol. 23,9 (2021): 1459-1467. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntab041
Liu B, Du Y, Wu Y, Sun Y, Santillan MK, Santillan DA, Bao W. Prevalence and Distribution of Electronic Cigarette Use Before and During Pregnancy Among Women in 38 States of the United States. Nicotine Tob Res. 2021 Aug 18;23(9):1459-1467. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntab041. PMID: 33693836; PMCID: PMC8517965.
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Nicotine Tob Res. 2021 Aug 18;23(9):1459-1467. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntab041.

Prevalence and Distribution of Electronic Cigarette Use Before and During Pregnancy Among Women in 38 States of the United States.

Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco

Buyun Liu, Yang Du, Yuxiao Wu, Yangbo Sun, Mark K Santillan, Donna A Santillan, Wei Bao

Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
  2. Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.

PMID: 33693836 PMCID: PMC8517965 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab041

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: To examine the prevalence and the changing pattern of e-cigarette use from preconception to pregnancy.

AIMS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study using data from the multi-site Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System in the United States, 2016-2017. All participating mothers with information on e-cigarette use before and during pregnancy were included. Self-reported information about e-cigarette use were assessed using questionnaires. Weighted prevalences of e-cigarette use before and during pregnancy were calculated. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to examine the association between various demographic characteristics and e-cigarette use before or during pregnancy.

RESULTS: This study included 69 508 pregnant women from 38 states in the United States. The weighted prevalence of e-cigarette use before pregnancy and during the last 3 months of pregnancy was 3.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.4%-3.9%) and 1.1% (0.9%-1.2%), respectively. The prevalence varied across states, ranging from 1.3% to 8.3% for e-cigarette use before pregnancy and from 0.1% to 3.4% for e-cigarette use during the last 3 months of pregnancy. Among women who used e-cigarettes before pregnancy, 24.4% (21.7%-27.1%) continued to use e-cigarettes during pregnancy. Among women who used e-cigarettes during pregnancy, 62.3% (56.5%-68.0%) were dual users. In multivariable analyses, cigarette smoking was most strongly associated with e-cigarette use. The adjusted odds ratio comparing smokers with nonsmokers before pregnancy was 11.10 (95% CI 9.34-13.20) for e-cigarette use before pregnancy and 6.72 (95% CI 4.38-10.31) for e-cigarette use during pregnancy.

CONCLUSIONS: Using data from 38 states in the United States, we showed geographical variations in the prevalence of e-cigarette use before and during pregnancy. Among women who used e-cigarettes before pregnancy, a quarter of them continued to use e-cigarettes during pregnancy. Conventional cigarette use is a strong risk factor for e-cigarette use before and during pregnancy. The prevalence of e-cigarette use needs to be monitored continuously.

IMPLICATIONS: This study provides important information to understand the status and changing patterns of e-cigarette use in pregnant women in the United States. Among pregnant women in 38 states in the United States, 3.6% of them used e-cigarettes during the 3 months before pregnancy and 1.1% used them during the last 3 months of pregnancy. The prevalence varied across states. A quarter of women who used e-cigarettes before pregnancy continued to use e-cigarettes during pregnancy. Cigarette smoking is the strongest predictor of e-cigarette use. Future research about health effects of e-cigarette use during pregnancy is in urgent need.

© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. All rights reserved.For permissions, please e-mail: [email protected].

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