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Ricci Z, Romagnoli S, Ronco C. Cardiorenal Syndrome. Crit Care Clin. 2021;37(2):335-347doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2020.11.003.
Ricci, Z., Romagnoli, S., & Ronco, C. (2021). Cardiorenal Syndrome. Critical care clinics, 37(2), 335-347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccc.2020.11.003
Ricci, Zaccaria, et al. "Cardiorenal Syndrome." Critical care clinics vol. 37,2 (2021): 335-347. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccc.2020.11.003
Ricci Z, Romagnoli S, Ronco C. Cardiorenal Syndrome. Crit Care Clin. 2021 Apr;37(2):335-347. doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2020.11.003. Epub 2021 Feb 13. PMID: 33752859.
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Crit Care Clin. 2021 Apr;37(2):335-347. doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2020.11.003. Epub 2021 Feb 13.

Cardiorenal Syndrome.

Critical care clinics

Zaccaria Ricci, Stefano Romagnoli, Claudio Ronco

Affiliations

  1. Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, P.zza S.Onofrio 4, Rome 00165, Italy; Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy. Electronic address: [email protected].
  2. Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla, 3, Florence 50139, Italy. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/StefanoRomagno9.
  3. International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRIV), Vicenza, Italy; Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, San Bortolo Hospital, Via Rodolfi 37, Vicenza 36100, Italy. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/croncoIRRIV.

PMID: 33752859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2020.11.003

Abstract

Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) describes a specific acute and chronic clinical picture in which the heart or the kidney are primarily dysfunctioning and secondarily affect each other. CRS is divided into five classes: acute and chronic CRS, acute and chronic renocardiac syndromes, and secondary dysfunction of heart and kidneys. This article specifically details the classification and the epidemiology, some risk factors, and the pathophysiology of CRS. Some emerging aspects of CRS are also discussed, such as CRS in patients with end-stage heart failure, with mechanical ventricular assistance, and after heart transplantation. Finally, some aspects of pediatric CRS are detailed.

Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Acute kidney injury; Cardiorenal syndrome; Heart failure; Heart transplantation; Pediatric cardiorenal syndrome; Renocardiac syndrome; Ventricular-assist device

Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure The authors have nothing to disclose.

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