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Faggiano P, Bernardi N, Calvi E, et al. Stage A Heart Failure: Modern Strategies for an Effective Prevention. Heart Fail Clin. 2021;17(2):167-177doi: 10.1016/j.hfc.2021.01.004.
Faggiano, P., Bernardi, N., Calvi, E., Bonelli, A., Faggiano, A., Bursi, F., & Bosisio, M. (2021). Stage A Heart Failure: Modern Strategies for an Effective Prevention. Heart failure clinics, 17(2), 167-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hfc.2021.01.004
Faggiano, Pompilio, et al. "Stage A Heart Failure: Modern Strategies for an Effective Prevention." Heart failure clinics vol. 17,2 (2021): 167-177. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hfc.2021.01.004
Faggiano P, Bernardi N, Calvi E, Bonelli A, Faggiano A, Bursi F, Bosisio M. Stage A Heart Failure: Modern Strategies for an Effective Prevention. Heart Fail Clin. 2021 Apr;17(2):167-177. doi: 10.1016/j.hfc.2021.01.004. Epub 2021 Feb 10. PMID: 33673942.
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Heart Fail Clin. 2021 Apr;17(2):167-177. doi: 10.1016/j.hfc.2021.01.004. Epub 2021 Feb 10.

Stage A Heart Failure: Modern Strategies for an Effective Prevention.

Heart failure clinics

Pompilio Faggiano, Nicola Bernardi, Emiliano Calvi, Andrea Bonelli, Andrea Faggiano, Francesca Bursi, Marco Bosisio

Affiliations

  1. Cardiology University of Brescia and Fondazione Poliambulanza, Via 4 Novembre, 7, Brescia 25122, Italy. Electronic address: [email protected].
  2. Cardiology Division, Spedali Civili, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili, 1, Brescia 25123, Italy.
  3. Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza, 28, Milano 20122, Italy.
  4. Division of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Department, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo and Carlo, University of Milan, Via Antonio di Rudini`, 8, Milano 20142, Italy.

PMID: 33673942 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2021.01.004

Abstract

Stage A heart failure (HF) patients do not show HF symptoms or any structural heart disease but are at risk of HF development. Cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, and exposure to cardiotoxic agents) characterize subjects affected by stage A HF. It is essential to identify these subjects early and ensure that, despite being asymptomatic, they grasp the importance of undertaking correct lifestyle and therapeutic interventions. A careful stratification of asymptomatic subject's risk profile is needed to adopt proper preventive strategies and to set individualized therapeutic targets that avoid progression to advanced stages of HF.

Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Cardiovascular risk factors; Early intervention; Heart failure; Preventive cardiology; Stage A heart failure

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