Display options
Cite
Kaikoushi K, Middleton N, Chatzittofis A, et al. Socio-Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Adults With Psychotic Symptomatology Under Involuntary Admission and Readmission for Compulsory Treatment in a Referral Psychiatric Hospital in Cyprus. Front Psychiatry. 2021;12:602274doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.602274.
Kaikoushi, K., Middleton, N., Chatzittofis, A., Bella, E., Alevizopoulos, G., & Karanikola, M. (2021). Socio-Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Adults With Psychotic Symptomatology Under Involuntary Admission and Readmission for Compulsory Treatment in a Referral Psychiatric Hospital in Cyprus. Frontiers in psychiatry, 12602274. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.602274
Kaikoushi, Katerina, et al. "Socio-Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Adults With Psychotic Symptomatology Under Involuntary Admission and Readmission for Compulsory Treatment in a Referral Psychiatric Hospital in Cyprus." Frontiers in psychiatry vol. 12 (2021): 602274. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.602274
Kaikoushi K, Middleton N, Chatzittofis A, Bella E, Alevizopoulos G, Karanikola M. Socio-Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Adults With Psychotic Symptomatology Under Involuntary Admission and Readmission for Compulsory Treatment in a Referral Psychiatric Hospital in Cyprus. Front Psychiatry. 2021 Feb 17;12:602274. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.602274. eCollection 2021. PMID: 33679473; PMCID: PMC7925878.
Copy Download .nbib Format: NLM
Share it on

Front Psychiatry. 2021 Feb 17;12:602274. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.602274. eCollection 2021.

Socio-Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Adults With Psychotic Symptomatology Under Involuntary Admission and Readmission for Compulsory Treatment in a Referral Psychiatric Hospital in Cyprus.

Frontiers in psychiatry

Katerina Kaikoushi, Nicos Middleton, Andeas Chatzittofis, Evanthia Bella, Giorgos Alevizopoulos, Maria Karanikola

Affiliations

  1. Cyprus Nursing Services, Ministry of Health, Nicosia, Cyprus.
  2. Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus.
  3. Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
  4. Private Practice, Limassol, Cyprus.
  5. Psychiatric Clinic, Agioi Anargyroi Hospital, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

PMID: 33679473 PMCID: PMC7925878 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.602274

Abstract

Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of adults under compulsory psychiatric treatment, have not been reported adequately in Southern European countries. We investigated the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of adults with psychotic symptomatology who were involuntarily treated in the acute Mental Health Services in Cyprus. A descriptive cross-sectional study was applied. Data collection (December 2016 to February 2018) achieved via a structured questionnaire including demographic and clinical variables. Census sampling was applied in Cyprus referral center for compulsory psychiatric treatment. The sample included 406 individuals (262 males, 144 females). Approximately 86.2% were single, 77.6% were unemployed, and 24.9% held a bachelor's degree. The most frequent clinical diagnosis was schizophrenia or a relevant psychotic disorder (86.4%). The most frequent admission cause was non-adherence to pharmacotherapy along with disorganized behavior (agitation and/or self-care deficit, and/or aggressive behavior, and/or suicidal behavior) (53.6%). Moreover, 70.7% of the sample reported a positive personal history of mental health problems, while 42.1% reported a positive family history of mental health disorders. Half of the participants (52%) were previously involuntarily admitted for compulsory treatment. Adjusted associations of readmission status were reported with Cypriot ethnicity (OR: 4.40, 95%CI: 2.58-7.50), primary education only (OR: 3.70, 95%CI: 1.64-8.37), readmission due to disorganized behavior along with non-adherence to pharmacotherapy (OR: 10.84, 95%CI: 2.69-43.72), as well as along with substance use (OR: 6.39, 95%CI: 1.52-26.82). Readmission was almost five times more likely to occur due to suicidal behavior (OR: 5.01, 95%CI: 1.09-22.99) compared to disorganized behavior not otherwise specified. Additionally, those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were more than 12 times more frequently readmitted for compulsory treatment compared to other diagnoses (OR 12.15, 95%CI: 1.04-142). Moreover, the participants with higher secondary education had 54.6% less odds to be involuntarily re-admitted compared to Bachelor degree holders (OR 0.442, 95%CI: 0.24-0.79). A high percentage of involuntary treatment was noted due to non-adherence to pharmacotherapy and substance use. Re-evaluation of the effectiveness of relevant community interventions is suggested, as well as implementation of structured educational programs on therapy adherence during psychiatric hospitalization.

Copyright © 2021 Kaikoushi, Middleton, Chatzittofis, Bella, Alevizopoulos and Karanikola.

Keywords: Cyprus; coercion; compulsory treatment; demographic; involuntary; non-adherence; psychosis; readmission

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

References

  1. BMJ. 2002 May 25;324(7348):1244 - PubMed
  2. J Clin Psychiatry. 2009;70 Suppl 4:1-46; quiz 47-8 - PubMed
  3. Addiction. 2020 Jan;115(1):97-106 - PubMed
  4. Aust Health Rev. 2017 May;41(2):139-143 - PubMed
  5. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2006 Dec;41(12):981-8 - PubMed
  6. Int J Integr Care. 2009 Sep 09;9:e90 - PubMed
  7. Front Psychiatry. 2019 May 09;10:295 - PubMed
  8. BJPsych Int. 2016 Feb 01;13(1):17-19 - PubMed
  9. EClinicalMedicine. 2019 Apr 09;10:58-67 - PubMed
  10. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2013 Dec 2;47:13-9 - PubMed
  11. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2019 Feb 7;21(2):10 - PubMed
  12. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2014 Mar;60(2):125-33 - PubMed
  13. Acta Clin Croat. 2008 Sep;47(3):141-7 - PubMed
  14. Can J Psychiatry. 1994 Jun;39(5):297-9 - PubMed
  15. BMC Psychiatry. 2014 Aug 20;14:235 - PubMed
  16. Lancet Psychiatry. 2019 Dec;6(12):1039-1053 - PubMed
  17. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2005 Jun;39(6):514-21 - PubMed
  18. Br J Psychiatry. 2002 Dec;181:513-9 - PubMed
  19. Psychiatriki. 2017 Jul-Sep;28(3):265-273 - PubMed
  20. BMC Psychiatry. 2019 Sep 3;19(1):270 - PubMed
  21. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2015 Dec;29(6):458-73 - PubMed
  22. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2011 Aug;261(5):377-86 - PubMed
  23. Psychiatr Serv. 2001 Apr;52(4):526-8 - PubMed
  24. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract. 2016 Nov;20(4):232-8 - PubMed
  25. BMC Psychiatry. 2018 Dec 29;18(1):401 - PubMed
  26. PLoS One. 2017 Oct 26;12(10):e0186768 - PubMed
  27. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2019 Feb;33(1):77-84 - PubMed
  28. Int J Law Psychiatry. 2016 Jul-Aug;47:53-9 - PubMed
  29. J Psychiatr Pract. 2009 Jan;15(1):34-44 - PubMed
  30. Noro Psikiyatr Ars. 2013 Sep;50(3):216-221 - PubMed
  31. Lancet Psychiatry. 2019 Apr;6(4):305-317 - PubMed
  32. J Ment Health. 2014 Aug;23(4):205-11 - PubMed
  33. Ment Health Fam Med. 2009 Dec;6(4):233-44 - PubMed
  34. Int J Law Psychiatry. 2017 May - Jun;52:28-34 - PubMed
  35. Eur Psychiatry. 2019 Jun;59:70-76 - PubMed
  36. Psychiatr Rehabil J. 2013 Jun;36(2):99-107 - PubMed
  37. Psychiatry Res. 2018 Apr;262:583-585 - PubMed
  38. Cad Saude Publica. 2013 Nov;29(11):2347-52 - PubMed
  39. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Mar 17;3:CD004408 - PubMed
  40. Int J Law Psychiatry. 2013 Mar-Apr;36(2):136-43 - PubMed
  41. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2014 Aug;28(4):272-6 - PubMed
  42. Psychiatr Serv. 2016 Dec 1;67(12):1315-1320 - PubMed
  43. BJPsych Open. 2018 Mar;4(2):31-38 - PubMed
  44. BMJ Open. 2014 May 28;4(5):e005095 - PubMed

Publication Types