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Barlow DR, Klinck H, Ponirakis D, et al. Temporal and spatial lags between wind, coastal upwelling, and blue whale occurrence. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):6915doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-86403-y.
Barlow, D. R., Klinck, H., Ponirakis, D., Garvey, C., & Torres, L. G. (2021). Temporal and spatial lags between wind, coastal upwelling, and blue whale occurrence. Scientific reports, 11(1), 6915. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86403-y
Barlow, Dawn R, et al. "Temporal and spatial lags between wind, coastal upwelling, and blue whale occurrence." Scientific reports vol. 11,1 (2021): 6915. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86403-y
Barlow DR, Klinck H, Ponirakis D, Garvey C, Torres LG. Temporal and spatial lags between wind, coastal upwelling, and blue whale occurrence. Sci Rep. 2021 Mar 25;11(1):6915. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-86403-y. PMID: 33767285; PMCID: PMC7994810.
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Sci Rep. 2021 Mar 25;11(1):6915. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-86403-y.

Temporal and spatial lags between wind, coastal upwelling, and blue whale occurrence.

Scientific reports

Dawn R Barlow, Holger Klinck, Dimitri Ponirakis, Christina Garvey, Leigh G Torres

Affiliations

  1. Geospatial Ecology of Marine Megafauna Lab, Marine Mammal Institute, and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, USA. [email protected].
  2. Center for Conservation Bioacoustics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
  3. Marine Mammal Institute, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, USA.
  4. University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
  5. Geospatial Ecology of Marine Megafauna Lab, Marine Mammal Institute, and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, USA.

PMID: 33767285 PMCID: PMC7994810 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86403-y

Abstract

Understanding relationships between physical drivers and biological response is central to advancing ecological knowledge. Wind is the physical forcing mechanism in coastal upwelling systems, however lags between wind input and biological responses are seldom quantified for marine predators. Lags were examined between wind at an upwelling source, decreased temperatures along the upwelling plume's trajectory, and blue whale occurrence in New Zealand's South Taranaki Bight region (STB). Wind speed and sea surface temperature (SST) were extracted for austral spring-summer months between 2009 and 2019. A hydrophone recorded blue whale vocalizations October 2016-March 2017. Timeseries cross-correlation analyses were conducted between wind speed, SST at different locations along the upwelling plume, and blue whale downswept vocalizations (D calls). Results document increasing lag times (0-2 weeks) between wind speed and SST consistent with the spatial progression of upwelling, culminating with increased D call density at the distal end of the plume three weeks after increased wind speeds at the upwelling source. Lag between wind events and blue whale aggregations (n = 34 aggregations 2013-2019) was 2.09 ± 0.43 weeks. Variation in lag was significantly related to the amount of wind over the preceding 30 days, which likely influences stratification. This study enhances knowledge of physical-biological coupling in upwelling ecosystems and enables improved forecasting of species distribution patterns for dynamic management.

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