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Straß S, Schwamborn A, Keppler M, et al. Synthesis, Characterization, and in vivo Distribution of Intracellular Delivered Macrolide Short-Chain Fatty Acid Derivatives. ChemMedChem. 2021;16(14):2254-2269doi: 10.1002/cmdc.202100139.
Straß, S., Schwamborn, A., Keppler, M., Cloos, N., Guezguez, J., Guse, J. H., Burnet, M., & Laufer, S. (2021). Synthesis, Characterization, and in vivo Distribution of Intracellular Delivered Macrolide Short-Chain Fatty Acid Derivatives. ChemMedChem, 16(14), 2254-2269. https://doi.org/10.1002/cmdc.202100139
Straß, Simon, et al. "Synthesis, Characterization, and in vivo Distribution of Intracellular Delivered Macrolide Short-Chain Fatty Acid Derivatives." ChemMedChem vol. 16,14 (2021): 2254-2269. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/cmdc.202100139
Straß S, Schwamborn A, Keppler M, Cloos N, Guezguez J, Guse JH, Burnet M, Laufer S. Synthesis, Characterization, and in vivo Distribution of Intracellular Delivered Macrolide Short-Chain Fatty Acid Derivatives. ChemMedChem. 2021 Jul 20;16(14):2254-2269. doi: 10.1002/cmdc.202100139. Epub 2021 May 11. PMID: 33787081.
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ChemMedChem. 2021 Jul 20;16(14):2254-2269. doi: 10.1002/cmdc.202100139. Epub 2021 May 11.

Synthesis, Characterization, and in vivo Distribution of Intracellular Delivered Macrolide Short-Chain Fatty Acid Derivatives.

ChemMedChem

Simon Straß, Anna Schwamborn, Manuel Keppler, Natascha Cloos, Jamil Guezguez, Jan-Hinrich Guse, Michael Burnet, Stefan Laufer

Affiliations

  1. Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
  2. Synovo GmbH, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.

PMID: 33787081 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100139

Abstract

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have a range of effects in metabolism and immune regulation. We have observed that delivery of SCFAs to lysosomes has potent immune regulatory effects, possibly as a surrogate signal for the presence of anaerobic organisms. To better understand the pharmacology of lysosomal SCFA donors, we investigated the distribution and metabolism of propionate and butyrate donors. Each analog (1 a and 2 a) can donate three SCFA equivalents via ester hydrolysis through six intermediate metabolites. The compounds are stabilized by low pH, and stability in cells is usually higher than in medium, but is cell-type specific. Butyrate derivatives were found to be more stable than propionates. Tri-esters were more stable than di- or mono-esters. The donors were surprisingly stable in vivo, and hydrolysis of each position was organ specific. Jejunum and liver caused rapid loss of 4'' esters. The gut metabolite pattern by i. v. differed from that of p.o. application, suggesting luminal and apical enzyme effects in the gut epithelium. Central organs could de-esterify the 11-position. Levels in lung relative to other organs were higher by p.o. than via i. v., suggesting that delivery route can influence the observed pharmacology and that gut metabolites distribute differently. The donors were largely eliminated by 24 h, following near linear decline in organs. The observed levels and distribution were found to be consistent with pharmacodynamic effects, particularly in the gut.

© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

Keywords: IBD; SCFA donor; dietary fiber; lysosomal trapping; short-chain fatty acids

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