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Mucosal Immunol. 2021 Jul;14(4):963-972. doi: 10.1038/s41385-021-00405-7. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

DP1 prostanoid receptor activation increases the severity of an acute lower respiratory viral infection in mice via TNF-α-induced immunopathology.

Mucosal immunology

Md Ashik Ullah, Sonja Rittchen, Jia Li, Sumaira Z Hasnain, Simon Phipps

Affiliations

  1. Respiratory Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.
  2. Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
  3. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
  4. Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
  5. Immunopathology Group, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
  6. Respiratory Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia. [email protected].
  7. Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. [email protected].

PMID: 33879829 PMCID: PMC8057290 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00405-7

Abstract

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is a leading cause of infant hospitalization and mortality. We previously identified that prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), released following RSV infection of primary human airway epithelial cells or pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) infection of neonatal mice, elicits pro- or antiviral innate immune responses as a consequence of D-type prostanoid receptor 2 (DP2) or DP1 activation, respectively. Here, we sought to determine whether treatment with the DP1 agonist BW245c decreases the severity of bronchiolitis in PVM-infected neonatal mice. Consistent with previous findings, BW245c treatment increased IFN-λ production and decreased viral load in week 1 of the infection. However, unexpectedly, BW245c treatment increased mortality in week 2 of the infection. This increased morbidity was associated with viral spread to the parenchyma, an increased cellular infiltrate of TNF-α-producing cells (neutrophils, monocytes, and CD4

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