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Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2021 Apr 16; doi: 10.1007/s00787-021-01770-1. Epub 2021 Apr 16.

Orbitofrontal control of conduct problems? Evidence from healthy adolescents processing negative facial affect.

European child & adolescent psychiatry

Boris William Böttinger, Sarah Baumeister, Sabina Millenet, Gareth J Barker, Arun L W Bokde, Christian Büchel, Erin Burke Quinlan, Sylvane Desrivières, Herta Flor, Antoine Grigis, Hugh Garavan, Penny Gowland, Andreas Heinz, Bernd Ittermann, Jean-Luc Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot, Eric Artiges, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos, Tomáš Paus, Luise Poustka, Juliane H Fröhner, Michael N Smolka, Henrik Walter, Robert Whelan, Gunter Schumann, Tobias Banaschewski, Daniel Brandeis, Frauke Nees,

Affiliations

  1. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany. [email protected].
  2. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.
  3. Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
  4. Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
  5. University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, House W34, 3.OG, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
  6. Medical Research Council, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
  7. Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany.
  8. Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131, Mannheim, Germany.
  9. NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
  10. Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
  11. Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK.
  12. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany.
  13. Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
  14. Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
  15. Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
  16. Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestr. 2-12, Berlin, Germany.
  17. Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig, Germany.
  18. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry", University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
  19. Maison de Solenn, Paris, France.
  20. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry", University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
  21. AP-HP, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.
  22. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry", University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Orsay, France.
  23. Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay, France.
  24. Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital and Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada.
  25. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
  26. Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
  27. School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
  28. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
  29. Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
  30. Neuroscience Centre Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

PMID: 33861383 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01770-1

Abstract

Conduct problems (CP) in patients with disruptive behavior disorders have been linked to impaired prefrontal processing of negative facial affect compared to controls. However, it is unknown whether associations with prefrontal activity during affective face processing hold along the CP dimension in a healthy population sample, and how subcortical processing is affected. We measured functional brain responses during negative affective face processing in 1444 healthy adolescents [M = 14.39 years (SD = 0.40), 51.5% female] from the European IMAGEN multicenter study. To determine the effects of CP, we applied a two-step approach: (a) testing matched subgroups of low versus high CP, extending into the clinical range [N = 182 per group, M = 14.44 years, (SD = 0.41), 47.3% female] using analysis of variance, and (b) considering (non)linear effects along the CP dimension in the full sample and in the high CP group using multiple regression. We observed no significant cortical or subcortical effect of CP group on brain responses to negative facial affect. In the full sample, regression analyses revealed a significant linear increase of left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) activity with increasing CP up to the clinical range. In the high CP group, a significant inverted u-shaped effect indicated that left OFC responses decreased again in individuals with high CP. Left OFC activity during negative affective processing which is increasing with CP and decreasing in the highest CP range may reflect on the importance of frontal control mechanisms that counteract the consequences of severe CP by facilitating higher social engagement and better evaluation of social content in adolescents.

Keywords: Adolescence; Affective processing; Conduct problems; FMRI; Orbitofrontal cortex; Subclinical

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