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Cybulska AM, Grochans S, Kamińska MS, et al. Are cadmium and lead levels linked to the development of anxiety and depression? - A systematic review of observational studies. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021;216:112211doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112211.
Cybulska, A. M., Grochans, S., Kamińska, M. S., Bosiacki, M., Skonieczna-Żydecka, K., & Grochans, E. (2021). Are cadmium and lead levels linked to the development of anxiety and depression? - A systematic review of observational studies. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 216112211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112211
Cybulska, Anna Maria, et al. "Are cadmium and lead levels linked to the development of anxiety and depression? - A systematic review of observational studies." Ecotoxicology and environmental safety vol. 216 (2021): 112211. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112211
Cybulska AM, Grochans S, Kamińska MS, Bosiacki M, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Grochans E. Are cadmium and lead levels linked to the development of anxiety and depression? - A systematic review of observational studies. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021 Apr 13;216:112211. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112211. Epub 2021 Apr 13. PMID: 33862435.
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Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021 Apr 13;216:112211. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112211. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Are cadmium and lead levels linked to the development of anxiety and depression? - A systematic review of observational studies.

Ecotoxicology and environmental safety

Anna Maria Cybulska, Szymon Grochans, Magdalena Sylwia Kamińska, Mateusz Bosiacki, Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka, Elżbieta Grochans

Affiliations

  1. Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 48 ?o?nierska St., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland. Electronic address: [email protected].
  2. Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powsta?ców Wielkopolskich St., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland. Electronic address: [email protected].
  3. Subdepartment of Long-Term Care and Palliative Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 48 ?o?nierska St., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland. Electronic address: [email protected].
  4. Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ?o?nierska 54 Str., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland. Electronic address: [email protected].
  5. Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 24 Broniewskiego St., 71-460 Szczecin, Poland. Electronic address: [email protected].
  6. Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 48 ?o?nierska St., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland. Electronic address: [email protected].

PMID: 33862435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112211

Abstract

The aim of this systematic review was to assess if cadmium and lead levels are linked to anxiety and depression. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify observational trials evaluating the impact of cadmium and lead on the incidence and phenotype of depression and anxiety. The search identified 1059 records. Overall eighteen studies comprising 28,304 participants with a female predominance (n = 19,483; 69%) were included. Cadmium and lead levels were analyzed in eight and thirteen studies, respectively. Five studies found an association between blood cadmium levels and depression, among them three trials which reported that individuals in the highest quartile of blood cadmium had higher odds of showing depressive symptoms. Sex and smoking status were found to be potential confounders of cadmium impact on the depressive phenotype. None of the studies found association between the level of anxiety and blood cadmium levels. Nine studies demonstrated association between depressive symptoms and blood lead concentration. High lead levels may be associated with anxiety and neurobehavioral deficits. There are many factors that influence both the levels of cadmium and lead, and the severity of depression and anxiety in the respondents. There is no clear evidence for the impact of cadmium and lead levels on the development of depressive symptoms but a lot of indirect evidence points to this.

Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Anxiety; Cadmium; Depression; Lead

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