Display options
Cite
Rokan Z, Simillis C, Kontovounisios C, et al. Systematic review of classification systems for locally recurrent rectal cancer. BJS Open. 2021;5(3)doi: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrab024.
Rokan, Z., Simillis, C., Kontovounisios, C., Moran, B. J., Tekkis, P., & Brown, G. (2021). Systematic review of classification systems for locally recurrent rectal cancer. BJS open, 5(3), . https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsopen/zrab024
Rokan, Z, et al. "Systematic review of classification systems for locally recurrent rectal cancer." BJS open vol. 5,3 (2021). doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsopen/zrab024
Rokan Z, Simillis C, Kontovounisios C, Moran BJ, Tekkis P, Brown G. Systematic review of classification systems for locally recurrent rectal cancer. BJS Open. 2021 May 07;5(3). doi: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrab024. PMID: 33963369; PMCID: PMC8105621.
Copy Download .nbib Format: NLM
Share it on

BJS Open. 2021 May 07;5(3). doi: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrab024.

Systematic review of classification systems for locally recurrent rectal cancer.

BJS open

Z Rokan, C Simillis, C Kontovounisios, B J Moran, P Tekkis, G Brown

Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.
  2. Pelican Cancer Foundation, Basingstoke, UK.
  3. Cambridge Colorectal Unit, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
  4. Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK.
  5. Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.
  6. Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
  7. Department of Peritoneal Malignancy, Basingstoke & North Hampshire Hospital, Basingstoke, UK.

PMID: 33963369 PMCID: PMC8105621 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrab024

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Classification of pelvic local recurrence (LR) after surgery for primary rectal cancer is not currently standardized and optimal imaging is required to categorize anatomical site and plan treatment in patients with LR. The aim of this review was to evaluate the systems used to classify locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC) and the relevant published outcomes.

METHODS: A systematic review of the literature prior to April 2020 was performed through electronic searches of the Science Citation Index Expanded, EMBASE, MEDLINE and CENTRAL databases. The primary outcome was to review the classifications currently in use; the secondary outcome was the extraction of relevant information provided by these classification systems including prognosis, anatomy and prediction of R0 after surgery.

RESULTS: A total of 21 out of 58 eligible studies, classifying LR in 2086 patients, were reviewed. Studies used at least one of the following eight classification systems proposed by institutions or institutional groups (Mayo Clinic, Memorial Sloan-Kettering - original and modified, Royal Marsden and Leeds) or authors (Yamada, Hruby and Kusters). Negative survival outcomes were associated with increased pelvic fixity, associated symptoms of LR, lateral compared with central LR and involvement of three or more pelvic compartments. A total of seven studies used MRI with specifically defined anatomical compartments to classify LR.

CONCLUSION: This review highlights the various imaging systems in use to classify LRRC and some of the prognostic indicators for survival and oncological clearance based on these systems. Implementation of an agreed classification system to document pelvic LR consistently should provide more detailed information on anatomical site of recurrence, burden of disease and standards for comparative outcome assessment.

© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of BJS Society Ltd.

References

  1. Semin Surg Oncol. 1999 Oct-Nov;17(3):199-205 - PubMed
  2. Cancer. 1995 Feb 15;75(4):939-52 - PubMed
  3. Br J Surg. 2017 Dec;104(13):1866-1873 - PubMed
  4. Eur J Surg Oncol. 1999 Dec;25(6):590-4 - PubMed
  5. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2018 Jun;144(6):1119-1128 - PubMed
  6. Acta Oncol. 2018 Dec;57(12):1723-1727 - PubMed
  7. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008 Nov 1;72(3):658-64 - PubMed
  8. Br J Radiol. 2008 Jun;81(966):468-73 - PubMed
  9. Colorectal Dis. 2018 May;20(5):399-406 - PubMed
  10. Br J Surg. 1985 Jan;72(1):34-7 - PubMed
  11. Dis Colon Rectum. 2001 Apr;44(4):473-83; discussion 483-6 - PubMed
  12. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2015 Mar;41(3):413-20 - PubMed
  13. Dig Surg. 2018;35(1):35-41 - PubMed
  14. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2016 Nov;42(11):1674-1679 - PubMed
  15. Hepatogastroenterology. 2005 Jan-Feb;52(61):94-6 - PubMed
  16. Ann Surg Oncol. 2017 Jan;24(1):219-226 - PubMed
  17. Radiographics. 2013 Sep-Oct;33(5):E171-87 - PubMed
  18. Cancer. 1984 Mar 15;53(6):1354-62 - PubMed
  19. Radiat Oncol J. 2019 Jun;37(2):110-116 - PubMed
  20. Hepatogastroenterology. 2009 May-Jun;56(91-92):667-71 - PubMed
  21. Ann Surg. 2009 Feb;249(2):229-35 - PubMed
  22. Dis Colon Rectum. 1999 Nov;42(11):1438-48 - PubMed
  23. Br J Surg. 2018 May;105(6):650-657 - PubMed
  24. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1983 Jul;9(7):977-85 - PubMed
  25. Am J Transl Res. 2016 Feb 15;8(2):1265-72 - PubMed
  26. Radiology. 2004 Sep;232(3):815-22 - PubMed
  27. Dis Colon Rectum. 2015 Mar;58(3):283-7 - PubMed
  28. Ann Surg. 2003 Apr;237(4):502-8 - PubMed
  29. BMJ. 2017 Sep 21;358:j4008 - PubMed
  30. Anticancer Res. 1999 Mar-Apr;19(2B):1383-90 - PubMed
  31. Eur Radiol. 2011 Jun;21(6):1250-8 - PubMed
  32. Radiother Oncol. 2009 Aug;92(2):221-5 - PubMed
  33. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2003 Jan 1;55(1):138-43 - PubMed
  34. Int J Colorectal Dis. 1997;12(2):78-81 - PubMed
  35. Cancer. 1983 Oct 1;52(7):1317-29 - PubMed
  36. Dis Colon Rectum. 2012 Dec;55(12):1213-9 - PubMed
  37. World J Gastroenterol. 2012 Dec 21;18(47):7015-20 - PubMed
  38. Ann Surg. 2021 Aug 1;274(2):359-366 - PubMed
  39. Abdom Imaging. 1993 Fall;18(4):381-9 - PubMed
  40. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008 Jul 15;71(4):1175-80 - PubMed
  41. Dis Colon Rectum. 1985 Jun;28(6):413-5 - PubMed
  42. Syst Rev. 2015 Jan 01;4:1 - PubMed
  43. Dis Colon Rectum. 2004 Oct;47(10):1599-606 - PubMed
  44. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008 Mar;15(3):729-37 - PubMed
  45. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1998 Jan 15;40(2):427-35 - PubMed
  46. Dis Colon Rectum. 1996 Jul;39(7):730-6 - PubMed
  47. Br J Surg. 1996 Mar;83(3):293-304 - PubMed
  48. Ann Surg. 2014 Feb;259(2):315-22 - PubMed
  49. Br J Surg. 2013 Jul;100(8):1009-14 - PubMed
  50. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Jul;95(27):e3942 - PubMed
  51. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2014 Feb;29(2):193-200 - PubMed
  52. Br J Surg. 2001 Jul;88(7):988-93 - PubMed
  53. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1987 Jul;13(7):999-1006 - PubMed
  54. Cancer. 1999 Dec 15;86(12):2612-24 - PubMed
  55. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2009 Oct;35(10):1071-7 - PubMed
  56. Cancer Imaging. 2011 Oct 03;11 Spec No A:S103-11 - PubMed
  57. J Gastrointest Surg. 2014 Jul;18(7):1319-26 - PubMed
  58. Ann Surg. 1960 Mar;151(3):340-8 - PubMed
  59. Dis Colon Rectum. 2005 May;48(5):929-37 - PubMed
  60. Dis Colon Rectum. 2017 Feb;60(2):144-151 - PubMed
  61. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2018 Apr;33(4):393-401 - PubMed
  62. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2006 Jul 15;65(4):1129-42 - PubMed
  63. Br J Surg. 2010 Nov;97(11):1638-45 - PubMed
  64. Hepatogastroenterology. 2012 Jun;59(116):1102-7 - PubMed
  65. Eur J Cancer. 2013 Jan;49(1):72-81 - PubMed
  66. Dis Colon Rectum. 2010 May;53(5):779-89 - PubMed
  67. Ann Surg. 2011 Mar;253(3):522-33 - PubMed
  68. Surg Today. 1999;29(10):999-1003 - PubMed
  69. Indian J Surg Oncol. 2019 Sep;10(3):515-519 - PubMed
  70. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2010 May;36(5):470-6 - PubMed
  71. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2016 Aug;42(8):1132-45 - PubMed

Publication Types