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Lefrère B, Barbaud A, Bagot M, et al. Eau tonique et quinine – un cocktail de bicentenaire servi en pleine effervescence. [Tonic water and quinine-a bicentennial booming cocktail]. Rev Fr Allergol (2009). 2021;61(6):425-431doi: 10.1016/j.reval.2021.04.002.
Lefrère, B., Barbaud, A., Bagot, M., & Bourgogne, E. (2021). Eau tonique et quinine – un cocktail de bicentenaire servi en pleine effervescence. [Tonic water and quinine-a bicentennial booming cocktail]. Revue francaise d'allergologie (2009), 61(6), 425-431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reval.2021.04.002
Lefrère, B, et al. "Eau tonique et quinine – un cocktail de bicentenaire servi en pleine effervescence." [Tonic water and quinine-a bicentennial booming cocktail]. Revue francaise d'allergologie (2009) vol. 61,6 (2021): 425-431. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reval.2021.04.002
Lefrère B, Barbaud A, Bagot M, Bourgogne E. Eau tonique et quinine – un cocktail de bicentenaire servi en pleine effervescence. [Tonic water and quinine-a bicentennial booming cocktail]. Rev Fr Allergol (2009). 2021 Oct;61(6):425-431. doi: 10.1016/j.reval.2021.04.002. Epub 2021 May 12. French. PMID: 33995692; PMCID: PMC8114147.
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Rev Fr Allergol (2009). 2021 Oct;61(6):425-431. doi: 10.1016/j.reval.2021.04.002. Epub 2021 May 12.

[Tonic water and quinine-a bicentennial booming cocktail].

Revue francaise d'allergologie (2009)

[Article in French]
B Lefrère, A Barbaud, M Bagot, E Bourgogne

Affiliations

  1. Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP, 83, boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.
  2. UTCBS, CNRS-Inserm, université de Paris, Paris, France.
  3. Service de dermatologie et d'allergologie, hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, Sorbonne université, Paris, France.
  4. Service de dermatologie, hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Paris, France.
  5. Inserm U976, université de Paris, Paris, France.
  6. Service de pharmacologie clinique, hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris, France.
  7. CTAC, CNRS, université de Paris, Paris, France.

PMID: 33995692 PMCID: PMC8114147 DOI: 10.1016/j.reval.2021.04.002

Abstract

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the media has often mentioned the presence of quinine in tonic water. Media accounts of quinine's antiviral effect

PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed case reports indexed on Pubmed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. A quinine causality score was calculated for each of the observations. A quinine assay was performed on several beverages for which the quinine content had not been published.

RESULTS: In parallel with related pharmacokinetic studies, these case reports consist of 26 observations. The case reports mainly related to young men, with symptoms of varying severity, mainly dermatological, with fixed drug eruption, generalized rashes, hives; hematological, with thrombocytopenia, hemorrhagic syndrome, thrombotic microangiopathy; more rarely ocular, cardiac or auditory. The level of causality of quinine is certain for three cases, probable for twenty-two, possible for two. The levels of quinine, all conforming to the standards, were lower in the spirits and the cooked wine than those of tonic water.

DISCUSSION: Possibly under-diagnosed, the main mechanism of these reactions is immuno-allergic, without any cross-reaction with other quinolines having been shown. In these patients and breastfeeding women of G6PD deficient newborns, any medicines, phytotherapy, homeopathy, or even cosmetics containing quinine, on the basis of a proposed list, should be avoided.

© 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Allergy; Quinine; Tonic water; Toxidermia

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