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Zechariah S, Lehman L, Waller JL, et al. Item Generation in the Development of an Interactive Nutrition Specific Physical Exam Competency Tool (INSPECT): A Qualitative Study Utilizing Technology-Based Focus Groups in the United States. Healthcare (Basel). 2021;9(5)doi: 10.3390/healthcare9050576.
Zechariah, S., Lehman, L., Waller, J. L., De Leo, G., Stallings, J., & Gess, A. J. (2021). Item Generation in the Development of an Interactive Nutrition Specific Physical Exam Competency Tool (INSPECT): A Qualitative Study Utilizing Technology-Based Focus Groups in the United States. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 9(5), . https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9050576
Zechariah, Sunitha, et al. "Item Generation in the Development of an Interactive Nutrition Specific Physical Exam Competency Tool (INSPECT): A Qualitative Study Utilizing Technology-Based Focus Groups in the United States." Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) vol. 9,5 (2021). doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9050576
Zechariah S, Lehman L, Waller JL, De Leo G, Stallings J, Gess AJ. Item Generation in the Development of an Interactive Nutrition Specific Physical Exam Competency Tool (INSPECT): A Qualitative Study Utilizing Technology-Based Focus Groups in the United States. Healthcare (Basel). 2021 May 13;9(5). doi: 10.3390/healthcare9050576. PMID: 34068041; PMCID: PMC8152489.
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Healthcare (Basel). 2021 May 13;9(5). doi: 10.3390/healthcare9050576.

Item Generation in the Development of an Interactive Nutrition Specific Physical Exam Competency Tool (INSPECT): A Qualitative Study Utilizing Technology-Based Focus Groups in the United States.

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)

Sunitha Zechariah, Leigh Lehman, Jennifer L Waller, Gianluca De Leo, Judith Stallings, Ashley J Gess

Affiliations

  1. Applied Health Sciences Program, College of Allied Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
  2. Morrison Healthcare, Sandy Springs, GA 30350, USA.
  3. School of Occupational Therapy, Brenau University, Norcross, GA 30071, USA.
  4. Department of Population Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics and Data Science, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
  5. Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
  6. Department of Physician Assistant, College of Allied Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
  7. Department of Teaching and Leading, College of Education, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.

PMID: 34068041 PMCID: PMC8152489 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9050576

Abstract

An alarming 30% to 50% prevalence rate of disease-related malnutrition among hospitalized patients compels the need for early diagnosis and treatment of malnutrition. Registered Dietitian Nutritionists (RDNs) can utilize the nutrition-focused physical examination (NFPE) as one of the nutrition assessment criteria to accurately diagnose malnutrition. Although RDNs are striving to employ NFPE in practice, a lack of experience and adequate training impedes full utilization of this technique. This results in wide skill variations requiring continuous evaluation of RDNs' NFPE competency. However, a standardized, validated competency tool is not widely available and hence this study aims to develop a standardized, interactive nutrition-specific physical exam competency tool (INSPECT). As a first step in the development of INSPECT, a qualitative, technology-based focus group approach with 7 content and practice experts was utilized to generate appropriate tool items. A total of 70 NFPE items under 9 areas including 12 items for muscle loss, 4 items for subcutaneous fat loss, 31 items for micronutrient deficiencies, 1 item for fluid status, 2 items for handgrip strength, 5 items for initial preparation, 4 items for bedside manner, 8 items for swallowing, and 3 items for abdominal evaluation were generated. This study successfully utilized technology-based focus groups to generate appropriate NFPE items for the competency tool development. Using the items, an initial version of INSPECT has been developed, which is presently being investigated for content and face validity. The final version will undergo field tests and will be examined for reliability, validity, and item-level psychometric properties.

Keywords: competency; focus groups; item generation; malnutrition; nutrition-focused physical exam; registered dietitian nutritionist

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