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Macromol Biosci. 2021 Jul;21(7):e2100046. doi: 10.1002/mabi.202100046. Epub 2021 Jun 12.

Meglumine Antimoniate-Loaded Aqueous-Core PLA Nanocapsules: Old Drug, New Formulation against Leishmania-Related Diseases.

Macromolecular bioscience

Donato Cosco, Federica Bruno, Germano Castelli, Roberto Puleio, Sonia Bonacci, Antonio Procopio, Domenico Britti, Massimo Fresta, Fabrizio Vitale, Donatella Paolino

Affiliations

  1. Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta,", Catanzaro, I-88100, Italy.
  2. Centro di Referenza Nazionale per le Leishmaniosi, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia A. Mirri, Via G. Marinuzzi 3, Palermo, 90129, Italy.
  3. Laboratorio Istopatologia e Immunoistochimica, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia A. Mirri, Via G. Marinuzzi 3, Palermo, 90129, Italy.
  4. Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta,", Catanzaro, I-88100, Italy.

PMID: 34117834 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100046

Abstract

Leishmaniasis is a human and animal disease endemic in tropical and subtropical areas treated by means of pentavalent antimony as first-line approach. Unfortunately, the formulations available on the market are characterized by significant side effects and a total remission of the disease is difficult to be obtained. The aim of this investigation is to describe the development and characterization of aqueous-core poly-l-lactide (PLA) nanocapsules containing glucantime (meglumine antimoniate, MA) with the aim of increasing the pharmacological efficacy of the active compound. The polymeric systems characterized by a mean diameter of ≈300 nm exert a great interaction with murine macrophages. MA-loaded PLA nanocapsules show a great antileishmanial activity on mice infected with Leishmania infantum with respect to the free drug, favoring a decrease of the administration times. The biodistribution profiles demonstrate a lower renal accumulation of MA after its nanoencapsulation and a significant increase of its plasmatic half-life. The parasite load evaluated by immunohistochemistry shows a significant decrease in liver, spleen, and kidneys when mice are treated with MA-loaded PLA nanocapsules especially after 45 days. The obtained results demonstrate the potential application of MA-loaded PLA nanocapsules as novel nanomedicine for the treatment of leishmaniasis.

© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

Keywords: PLA; glucantime; leishmaniasis; meglumine antimoniate; nanocapsules

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