Display options
Share it on

Health Soc Care Community. 2021 Nov;29(6):1971-1979. doi: 10.1111/hsc.13340. Epub 2021 Jun 05.

Strengthening community connection and personal well-being through volunteering in New Zealand.

Health & social care in the community

Clémence Vannier, Hilda Mulligan, Amanda Wilkinson, Susie Elder, Ambika Malik, Daniel Morrish, Malcolm Campbell, Simon Kingham, Michael Epton

Affiliations

  1. Department of Geography, College of Science, University of Canterbury - Te Whare Wananga O Waitaha, Christchurch, New Zealand.
  2. Centre for Health, Activity, and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, Otago University, Dunedin, New Zealand.
  3. Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand.

PMID: 34089274 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13340

Abstract

Volunteering is a way for people to develop meaningful relationships within a social group and can lead to the building of social capital, from which both individuals and the wider group can benefit in the form of enhanced well-being. This study aimed to explore and describe the impact of volunteering on the volunteer coordinators and volunteers themselves in the eastern suburbs of Christchurch, New Zealand, an area particularly impacted by the devastating earthquakes in the period 2010/2011. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews with volunteer coordinators and volunteers (n = 35; 16 men, 19 women) from November 2018 to mid-January 2019. Thematic analysis of data highlighted a key theme of Creating and strengthening valued community connections, with subthemes of Personal growth, Community connections and Role of coordination. The key theme illustrated how formal volunteering created effort and opportunities towards the strengthening of personal and community connectedness. Our study demonstrates the importance of social connection for both individual and community well-being, emphasises the important role of "champions" in facilitating the building of bridging and bonding relationships between individuals and communities, and suggests a role for healthcare professionals to prescribe volunteering as a way to improve individual health and well-being outcomes.

© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Keywords: chronic disease; community networks; social connection; volunteers; well-being

References

  1. Armstrong, D. (2000). A survey of community gardens in upstate New York: Implications for health promotion and community development. Health and Place, 6(4), 319-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1353-8292(00)00013-7 - PubMed
  2. Ballinger, M. L., Talbot, L. A., & Verrinder, G. K. (2009). More than a place to do woodwork: A case study of a community-based men's shed. Journal of Men's Health, 6(1), 20-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jomh.2008.09.006 - PubMed
  3. Bradshaw, C., Atkinson, S., & Doody, O. (2017). Employing a qualitative descriptive approach in health research. Global Qualitative Nursing Research, 4, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/2333393617742282 - PubMed
  4. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa - PubMed
  5. Canterbury Community Gardens Association. (2019). Garden directory. http://www.ccga.org.nz/garden-directory/ - PubMed
  6. Cohen, S. (2004). Social relationships and health. American Psychologist, 59, 676-684. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.59.8.676 - PubMed
  7. Department of Internal Affairs NZ. (2017). Briefing to the incoming minister for the community and voluntary sector. https://www.beehive.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2017-12/Community%20and%20Voluntary%20Sector.PDF - PubMed
  8. Ferris, J., Norman, C., & Sempik, J. (2001). People, land and sustainability: Community gardens and the social dimension of sustainable development. Social Policy & Administration, 35(5), 559-568. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9515.t01-1-00253 - PubMed
  9. Firth, C., Maye, D., & Pearson, D. (2011). Developing 'community' in community gardens. Local Environment, 16(6), 555. https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2011.586025 - PubMed
  10. Glover, T. D. (2003). The story of the Queen Anne Memorial Garden: Resisting a dominant cultural narrative. Journal of Leisure Research, 35(2), 190-212. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2003.11949990 - PubMed
  11. Handy, F., & Greenspan, I. (2009). Immigrant volunteering: A stepping stone to integration? Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 38(6), 956-982. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764008324455 - PubMed
  12. Hansji, N. L., Wilson, N. J., & Cordier, R. (2015). Men's sheds: Enabling environments for Australian men living with and without long-term disabilities. Health & Social Care in the Community, 23(3), 272-281. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12140 - PubMed
  13. Harris, H. (2017). The social dimensions of therapeutic horticulture. Health & Social Care in the Community, 25(4), 1328-1336. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12433 - PubMed
  14. Helliwell, J. F., & Putnam, R. D. (2004). The social context of well-being. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 359(1449), 1435-1446. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1522 - PubMed
  15. Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., Baker, M., Harris, T., & Stephenson, D. (2015). Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: A meta-analytic review. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(2), 227-237. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691614568352 - PubMed
  16. Jackson, J. (2018). Growing the community - A case study of community gardens in Lincoln's abbey ward. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 33(6), 530-541. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742170517000643 - PubMed
  17. Kamerāde, D., & Bennett, M. R. (2018). Rewarding work: Cross-national differences in benefits, volunteering during unemployment, well-being and mental health. Work, Employment and Society, 32(1), 38-56. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017016686030 - PubMed
  18. Keyes, C. (1998). Social well-being. Social Psychology Quarterly, 61(2), 121-140. https://doi.org/10.2307/2787065 - PubMed
  19. Keyes, C., & Shapiro, A. (2004). Social well-being in the United States: A descriptive epidemiology. In O. G. Brim, C. D. Ryff, & R. C. Kessler (Eds.), The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur foundation series on mental health and development. Studies on successful midlife development. How healthy are we?: A national study of well-being at midlife (pp. 350-372). : University of Chicago Press. - PubMed
  20. Kingsley, J. Y., & Townsend, M. (2006). 'Dig in' to social capital: Community gardens as mechanisms for growing urban social connectedness. Urban Policy and Research, 24(4), 525-537. https://doi.org/10.1080/08111140601035200 - PubMed
  21. Li, Y., & Ferraro, K. F. (2006). Volunteering in middle and later life: Is health a benefit, barrier or both? Social Forces, 85(1), 497-519. https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2006.0132 - PubMed
  22. Lin, N. (1999). Building a network theory of social capital. Connections, 22(1), 28-51. - PubMed
  23. MENZSHED New Zealand. (2019). What is a Men's shed? http://menzshed.org.nz/about-us/what-is-a-shed/ - PubMed
  24. Moore, M., Townsend, M., & Oldroyd, J. (2007). Linking human and ecosystem health: The benefits of community involvement in conservation groups. EcoHealth, 3(4), 255-261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-006-0070-4 - PubMed
  25. Mossabir, R., Morris, R., Kennedy, A., Blickem, C., & Rogers, A. (2015). A scoping review to understand the effectiveness of linking schemes from healthcare providers to community resources to improve the health and well-being of people with long-term conditions. Health and Social Care in the Community, 23(5), 467-484. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12176 - PubMed
  26. Nahapiet, J., & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 242-266. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1998.533225 - PubMed
  27. Neergaard, M. A., Olesen, F., Andersen, R. S., & Sondergaard, J. (2009). Qualitative description - the poor cousin of health research? BMC Medical Research Methodology, 9(52), https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-9-52 - PubMed
  28. New Zealand Immigration. (2019). Volunteering in New Zealand. https://www.newzealandnow.govt.nz/live-in-new-zealand/tips-for-settling-in/volunteering-in-new-zealand - PubMed
  29. Nurmi, M. A., Mackenzie, C. S., Roger, K., Reynolds, K., & Urquhart, J. (2018). Older men's perceptions of the need for and access to male-focused community programmes such as men's sheds. Ageing and Society, 38(4), 794-816. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X16001331 - PubMed
  30. Ong, M., Baker, A., Aguilar, A., & Stanley, M. (2019). The meanings attributed to community gardening: A qualitative study. Health & Place, 59, 102190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102190 - PubMed
  31. Parcel, T. L., & Bixby, M. S. (2016). The ties that bind: Social capital, families, and children's well-being. Child Development Perspectives, 10(2), 87-92. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12165 - PubMed
  32. Post, S. G. (2017). It's good to be good (G2BG) 2017 commentary: Prescribing volunteerism for health, happiness, resilience and longevity. American Journal of Health Promotion, 31(2), 163-172. - PubMed
  33. Principi, A., Lindley, R., Perek-Bialas, J., & Turel, K. (2012). Volunteering in older age: An organizational persepective. International Journal of Manpower, 33(6), 685-703. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437721211261822 - PubMed
  34. Putnam, R. (1995). Bowling alone: America's declining social capital. Journal of Democracy, 6(1), 65-78. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.1995.0002 - PubMed
  35. Putnam, R. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. Simon & Schuster. - PubMed
  36. Quested, E., Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C., Uren, H., Hardcastle, S. J., & Ryan, R. M. (2018). Community gardening: Basic pyschological needs as mechanisms to enhance individual and community well-being. Ecopsychology, 10(3), 173-180. https://doi.org/10.1089/eco.2018.0002 - PubMed
  37. Randle, M., & Dolnicar, S. (2011). Self-congruity and volunteering: A multi-organisation comparison. European Journal of Marketing, 45(5), 739-758. https://doi.org/10.1108/0309561111120019 - PubMed
  38. Sakofsky, M., & Cooney, L. (2017). Overview paper on the state of volunteering in New Zealand. Report from the Volunteer Reference Group. http://www.volunteeringnz.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/Overview-Paper-on-the-State-of-Volunteering.pdf - PubMed
  39. Sandelowski, M. (2010). What's in a name? Qualitative description revisited. Research in Nursing & Health, 33, 77-84. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20362 - PubMed
  40. Sander-Regier, R., & Etowa, J. (2014). "I really like being with this group of people": Social wellbeing and nature volunteering at Ottawa's fletcher wildlife garden. International Journal of Arts & Sciences, 7(6), 291. - PubMed
  41. Shor, E., Roelfs, D. J., & Yogev, T. (2013). The strength of family ties: A meta-analysis and meta-regression of self-reported social support and mortality. Social Networks, 35(4), 626-638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2013.08.004 - PubMed
  42. Silva, F., Proença, T., & Ferreira, M. R. (2018). Volunteers’ perspective on online volunteering - A qualitative approach. International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing, 15(4), 531-552. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12208-018-0212-8 - PubMed
  43. Simsa, R., Rameder, P., Aghamanoukjan, A., & Totter, M. (2018). Spontaneous volunteering in social crises: Self-organization and coordination. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 48(2), 103-122. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764018785472 - PubMed
  44. Southcombe, A., Cavanagh, J., & Bartram, T. (2015). Retired men and men's sheds in Australia. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 36(8), 972. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-03-2014-0065 - PubMed
  45. Statistics New Zealand. (2016). Non-profit organisations contribute $6 billion to economy. http://archive.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/economic_indicators/NationalAccounts/non-profit-2013-mr.aspx - PubMed
  46. Tang, F., Morrow-Howell, N., & Hong, S. (2009). Institutional facilitation in sustained volunteering among older adult volunteers. Social Work Research, 33(3), 172-182. https://doi.org/10.1093/swr/33.3.172 - PubMed
  47. Thomas, P. (2010). Is it better to give or to receive? Social support and the well-being of older adults. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 65B(3), 351-357. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbp113 - PubMed
  48. Tong, A., Sainsbury, P., & Craig, J. (2007). Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): A 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 19(6), 349-357. https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzm042 - PubMed
  49. Uchino, B. N. (2006). Social support and health: A review of physiological processes potentially underlying links to disease outcomes. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 29(4), 377-387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-006-9056-5 - PubMed
  50. Vaismoradi, M., Turunen, H., & Bondas, T. (2013). Content analysis and thematic analysis: Implications for conducting a qualitative descriptive study. Nursing & Health Sciences, 15, 398-405. https://doi.org/10.1111/nhs.12048 - PubMed
  51. Vemuri, A. W., & Costanza, R. (2006). The role of human, social, built, and natural capital in explaining life satisfaction at the country level: Toward a National Well-Being Index (NWI). Ecological Economics, 58(1), 119-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.02.008 - PubMed
  52. Wakefield, S., Yeudall, F., Taron, C., Reynolds, J., & Skinner, A. (2007). Growing urban health: Community gardening in south-east Toronto. Health Promotion International, 22(2), 92-101. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dam001 - PubMed
  53. Webster, M. (2011). Christchurch and the Student Volunteer Army. Herald Online. https://www.nzherald.co.nz/technology/news/article.cfm?c_id=5&objectid=10717987 - PubMed
  54. WellConnectedNZ™ - Te Ranga i te Tira. (n.d.). WellConnectedNZ™ - Te Ranga i te Tira. The weaving together of the people. https://www.wellconnectednz.org/ - PubMed
  55. Wilkinson, A., Bowen, L., Gustavsson, E., Håkansson, S., Littleton, N., McCormick, J., Thompson, M., & Mulligan, H. (2019). Maintenance and development of social connection by people with long-term conditions: A qualitative study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(11), 1875. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111875 - PubMed
  56. Wilson, N. J., Cordier, R., Parsons, R., Vaz, S., & Buchanan, A. (2016). Men with disabilities - A cross sectional survey of health promotion, social inclusion and participation at community men's sheds. Disability and Health Journal, 9(1), 118-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2015.08.013 - PubMed
  57. Wiseman, J., & Brasher, K. (2008). Community wellbeing in an unwell world: Trends, challenges, and possibilities. Journal of Public Health Policy, 29(3), 353-366. https://doi.org/10.1057/jphp.2008.16 - PubMed
  58. Zavaleta, D., Samuel, K., & Mills, C. (2014). OPHI Working Paper No. 67. Social isolation: A conceptual and measurement proposal. https://www.ophi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/ophi-wp-67.pdf - PubMed

MeSH terms

Publication Types