Display options
Cite
Pienaar PR, Roden LC, Boot CRL, et al. Association between self-reported sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk in corporate executives. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2021;94(8):1809-1821doi: 10.1007/s00420-021-01739-2.
Pienaar, P. R., Roden, L. C., Boot, C. R. L., van Mechelen, W., Twisk, J. W. R., Lambert, E. V., & Rae, D. E. (2021). Association between self-reported sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk in corporate executives. International archives of occupational and environmental health, 94(8), 1809-1821. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-021-01739-2
Pienaar, Paula R, et al. "Association between self-reported sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk in corporate executives." International archives of occupational and environmental health vol. 94,8 (2021): 1809-1821. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-021-01739-2
Pienaar PR, Roden LC, Boot CRL, van Mechelen W, Twisk JWR, Lambert EV, Rae DE. Association between self-reported sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk in corporate executives. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2021 Nov;94(8):1809-1821. doi: 10.1007/s00420-021-01739-2. Epub 2021 Jun 29. PMID: 34189625.
Copy Download .nbib Format: NLM
Share it on

Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2021 Nov;94(8):1809-1821. doi: 10.1007/s00420-021-01739-2. Epub 2021 Jun 29.

Association between self-reported sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk in corporate executives.

International archives of occupational and environmental health

Paula R Pienaar, Laura C Roden, Cécile R L Boot, Willem van Mechelen, Jos W R Twisk, Estelle V Lambert, Dale E Rae

Affiliations

  1. Health Through Physical Activity Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre and Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. [email protected].
  2. Amsterdam UMC, Department of Public and Occupational Health and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [email protected].
  3. Health Through Physical Activity Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre and Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
  4. School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 2DS, UK.
  5. Amsterdam UMC, Department of Public and Occupational Health and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
  6. Behavioural Science Institute (BSI), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
  7. Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
  8. School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
  9. Center of Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
  10. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

PMID: 34189625 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01739-2

Abstract

PURPOSE: This cross-sectional study aimed to compare the association between self-reported sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk among men and women corporate executives and investigate potential lifestyle, work- and stress-related mediators thereof.

METHODS: Self-reported sleep duration and lifestyle, occupational, psychological and measured anthropometrical, blood pressure (BP) and blood marker variables were obtained from health risk assessment data of 3583 corporate executives. Sex-stratified regression analyses investigated the relationships between occupational and psychological variables with self-reported sleep duration, and sleep duration with individual cardiometabolic risk factors. Mediation analyses investigated the effects of work, psychological and lifestyle factors on the relationships between self-reported sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk factors, as well as a continuous cardiometabolic risk score calculated from the sum of sex-stratified z-standardized scores of negative fasting serum HDL, and positive plasma Glu, serum TG, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic and diastolic BP.

RESULTS: Longer work hours and work commute time, depression, anxiety and stress were associated with shorter sleep duration in both men and women (all p < 0.05). Shorter sleep duration was associated with higher BMI, larger waist circumference and greater cardiometabolic risk scores in both men and women (all p < 0.05), higher diastolic BP in men (p < 0.05) and lower HDL cholesterol in women (p < 0.05). Physical activity, working hours and stress significantly mediated the relationships between self-reported sleep duration and BMI, waist circumference, diastolic BP and cardiometabolic risk score in men only.

CONCLUSION: In these corporate executives, shorter self-reported sleep duration is associated with poorer psychological, occupational and cardiometabolic risk outcomes in both men and women. Given that physical activity, working hours and stress mediate this association among the men, the case for sleep health interventions in workplace health programmes is warranted.

© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

Keywords: Employees; Health risk assessment; Short sleep; Sleep quantity; Workplace

References

  1. Aho V et al (2016) Prolonged sleep restriction induces changes in pathways involved in cholesterol metabolism and inflammatory responses. Sci Rep 6(1):1–14 - PubMed
  2. Åkerstedt T, Discacciati A, Häbel H, Westerlund H (2019) Psychosocial work demands and physical workload decrease with ageing in blue-collar and white-collar workers: a prospective study based on the SLOSH cohort. BMJ Open 9(9):e030918 - PubMed
  3. Baron RM, Kenny DA (1986) The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J Pers Soc Psychol 51(6):1173 - PubMed
  4. Basner M et al (2007) American time use survey: sleep time and its relationship to waking activities. Sleep 30(9):1085–1095 - PubMed
  5. Budnick CJ, Barber LK (2015) Behind sleepy eyes: implications of sleep loss for organizations and employees. Translat Issues Psychol Sci 1(1):89 - PubMed
  6. Cappuccio FP et al (2007) Gender-specific associations of short sleep duration with prevalent and incident hypertension: the Whitehall II study. Hypertension 50(4):693–700. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.095471 - PubMed
  7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2012) Short sleep duration among workers–United States, 2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 61(16):281 - PubMed
  8. Chaput J-P, McNeil J, Despres J-P, Bouchard C, Tremblay A (2013) Seven to eight hours of sleep a night is associated with a lower prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and reduced overall cardiometabolic risk in adults. PLoS ONE 8(9):e72832 - PubMed
  9. Cho S-S, Ki M, Kim K-H, Ju Y-S, Paek D, Lee W (2015) Working hours and self-rated health over 7 years: gender differences in a Korean longitudinal study. BMC Public Health 15(1):1–11 - PubMed
  10. Choi D-W, Chun S-Y, Lee SA, Han K-T, Park E-C (2018) Association between sleep duration and perceived stress: salaried worker in circumstances of high workload. Int J Environ Res Public Health 15(4):796 - PubMed
  11. Covassin N, Singh P (2016) Sleep duration and cardiovascular disease risk: epidemiologic and experimental evidence. Sleep Med Clin 11(1):81–89 - PubMed
  12. Dean E et al (2012) Association between habitual sleep duration and blood pressure and clinical implications: a systematic review. Blood Press 21(1):45–57 - PubMed
  13. Di Milia L, Mummery K (2009) The association between job related factors, short sleep and obesity. Ind Health 47(4):363–368 - PubMed
  14. Di Giosia P, Giorgini P, Stamerra CA, Petrarca M, Ferri C, Sahebkar A (2018) Gender differences in epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of hypertension. Curr Atheroscler Rep 20(3):13 - PubMed
  15. Dreyer Z, Henn C, Hill C (2019) Validation of the depression anxiety stress scale-21 (DASS-21) in a non-clinical sample of South African working adults. J Psychol Afr 29(4):346–353 - PubMed
  16. Fernandez-Mendoza J, He F, LaGrotte C, Vgontzas AN, Liao D, Bixler EO (2017) Impact of the metabolic syndrome on mortality is modified by objective short sleep duration. J Am Heart Assoc 6(5):e005479 - PubMed
  17. Ford DE, Kamerow DB (1989) Epidemiologic study of sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders: an opportunity for prevention? JAMA 262(11):1479–1484 - PubMed
  18. Gallicchio L, Kalesan B (2009) Sleep duration and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sleep Res 18(2):148–158 - PubMed
  19. Gan Y, Yang C, Tong X et al (2014) Shift work and diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Occup Environ Med 72:72–78 - PubMed
  20. Ganesh R et al (2018) The stressed executive: sources and predictors of stress among participants in an executive health program. Glob Adv Health Med 7:2164956118806150 - PubMed
  21. Henry JD, Crawford JR (2005) The short-form version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21): construct validity and normative data in a large non-clinical sample. Br J Clin Psychol 44(2):227–239 - PubMed
  22. Hirshkowitz M et al (2015) National Sleep Foundation’s sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary. Sleep Health 1(1):40–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2014.12.010 - PubMed
  23. Kanagasabai T, Chaput J-P (2017) Sleep duration and the associated cardiometabolic risk scores in adults. Sleep Health 3(3):195–203 - PubMed
  24. Kaneita Y, Uchiyama M, Yoshiike N, Ohida T (2008) Associations of usual sleep duration with serum lipid and lipoprotein levels. Sleep 31(5):645–652 - PubMed
  25. Kervezee L, Kosmadopoulos A, Boivin DB (2020) Metabolic and cardiovascular consequences of shift work: the role of circadian disruption and sleep disturbances. Eur J Neurosci 51(1):396–412 - PubMed
  26. Kuhn P, Lozano F (2005) The expanding workweek? Understanding trends in long work hours among US men, 1979–2004. National Bureau of Economic Research - PubMed
  27. Lim J, Dinges DF (2010) A meta-analysis of the impact of short-term sleep deprivation on cognitive variables. Psychol Bull 136(3):375 - PubMed
  28. Lovibond PF, Lovibond SH (1995a) The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behav Res Ther 33(3):335–343 - PubMed
  29. Lovibond SH, Lovibond PF (1995b) Manual for the depression anxiety stress scales, 2nd edn. Psychology Foundation, Sydney - PubMed
  30. Lovibond SH, Lovibond PF (1996) Manual for the depression anxiety stress scales. Psychology Foundation of Australia - PubMed
  31. Luckhaupt SE, Tak S, Calvert GM (2010) The prevalence of short sleep duration by industry and occupation in the national health interview survey. Sleep 33(2):149–159 - PubMed
  32. Magee CA, Caputi P, Iverson DC (2011) Short sleep mediates the association between long work hours and increased body mass index. J Behav Med 34(2):83–91 - PubMed
  33. Matricciani L et al (2017) Past, present, and future: trends in sleep duration and implications for public health. Sleep Health 3(5):317–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2017.07.006 - PubMed
  34. McClain JJ, Lewin DS, Laposky AD, Kahle L, Berrigan D (2014) Associations between physical activity, sedentary time, sleep duration and daytime sleepiness in US adults. Prev Med 66:68–73 - PubMed
  35. Meers J, Stout-Aguilar J, Nowakowski S (2019) Sex differences in sleep health. Sleep and health. Elsevier, pp 21–29 - PubMed
  36. Metlaine A et al (2017) Association between insomnia symptoms, job strain and burnout syndrome: a cross-sectional survey of 1300 financial workers. BMJ Open 7(1):e012816 - PubMed
  37. Miller MA, Wright H, Hough J, Cappuccio FP (2014) Sleep and cognition. Sleep and its disorders affect society. IntechOpen - PubMed
  38. Nakashima M et al (2011) Association between long working hours and sleep problems in white-collar workers. J Sleep Res 20(1 Pt 1):110–116 - PubMed
  39. Nemoto K (2013) Long working hours and the corporate gender divide in Japan. Gend Work Organ 20(5):512–527 - PubMed
  40. Nishitani N, Sakakibara H, Akiyama I (2013) Short sleeping time and job stress in Japanese white-collar workers. Open Sleep J 6(1):104–109 - PubMed
  41. Nishitani N, Kawasaki Y, Sakakibara H (2018) Insomnia and depression: risk factors for development of depression in male Japanese workers during 2011–2013. Int J Public Health 63(1):49–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-017-1043-9 - PubMed
  42. Patel SR, Hu FB (2008) Short sleep duration and weight gain: a systematic review. Obesity 16(3):643–653. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2007.118 - PubMed
  43. Pradhan AD (2014) Sex differences in the metabolic syndrome: implications for cardiovascular health in women. Clin Chem 60(1):44–52 - PubMed
  44. Reynolds AC et al (2018) Working (longer than) 9 to 5: are there cardiometabolic health risks for young Australian workers who report longer than 38-h working weeks? Int Arch Occup Environ Health 91(4):403–412 - PubMed
  45. Roth GA et al (2018) Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 392(10159):1736–1788. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32203-7 - PubMed
  46. Silva-Costa A et al (2020) Sex differences in the association between self-reported sleep duration, insomnia symptoms and cardiometabolic risk factors: cross-sectional findings from Brazilian longitudinal study of adult health. Arch Public Health 78(1):1–13 - PubMed
  47. Sullivan K, Ordiah C (2018) Association of mildly insufficient sleep with symptoms of anxiety and depression. Neurol Psychiatry Brain Res 30:1–4 - PubMed
  48. Sweeney E et al (2018) 1288 The effect of shift work on cardiometabolic health: findings from the atlantic path cohort study. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd - PubMed
  49. Tobaldini E, Fiorelli EM, Solbiati M, Costantino G, Nobili L, Montano N (2019) Short sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk: from pathophysiology to clinical evidence. Nat Rev Cardiol 16(4):213–224 - PubMed
  50. Vgontzas A et al (2008) Short sleep duration and obesity: the role of emotional stress and sleep disturbances. Int J Obes 32(5):801–809 - PubMed
  51. Vincent GE, Jay SM, Sargent C, Vandelanotte C, Ridgers ND, Ferguson SA (2017) Improving cardiometabolic health with diet, physical activity, and breaking up sitting: what about sleep? Front Physiol 8:865 - PubMed
  52. von Bonsdorff MB, Strandberg A, von Bonsdorff M, Törmäkangas T, Pitkälä KH, Strandberg TE (2017) Working hours and sleep duration in midlife as determinants of health-related quality of life among older businessmen. Age Ageing 46(1):108–112 - PubMed
  53. Wang F et al (2014) Meta-analysis on night shift work and risk of metabolic syndrome. Obes Rev 15(9):709–720 - PubMed
  54. Watson NF et al (2015) Recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult: a joint consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society. Sleep 38(6):843–844. https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.4716 - PubMed
  55. Wild CJ, Nichols ES, Battista ME, Stojanoski B, Owen AM (2018) Dissociable effects of self-reported daily sleep duration on high-level cognitive abilities. Sleep 41(12):zsy182 - PubMed

Publication Types