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Chrzastek K, Segovia K, Torchetti M, et al. Virus Adaptation Following Experimental Infection of Chickens with a Domestic Duck Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Isolate from the 2017 USA H7N9 Outbreak Identifies Polymorphic Mutations in Multiple Gene Segments. Viruses. 2021;13(6)doi: 10.3390/v13061166.
Chrzastek, K., Segovia, K., Torchetti, M., Killian, M. L., Pantin-Jackwood, M., & Kapczynski, D. R. (2021). Virus Adaptation Following Experimental Infection of Chickens with a Domestic Duck Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Isolate from the 2017 USA H7N9 Outbreak Identifies Polymorphic Mutations in Multiple Gene Segments. Viruses, 13(6), . https://doi.org/10.3390/v13061166
Chrzastek, Klaudia, et al. "Virus Adaptation Following Experimental Infection of Chickens with a Domestic Duck Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Isolate from the 2017 USA H7N9 Outbreak Identifies Polymorphic Mutations in Multiple Gene Segments." Viruses vol. 13,6 (2021). doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/v13061166
Chrzastek K, Segovia K, Torchetti M, Killian ML, Pantin-Jackwood M, Kapczynski DR. Virus Adaptation Following Experimental Infection of Chickens with a Domestic Duck Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Isolate from the 2017 USA H7N9 Outbreak Identifies Polymorphic Mutations in Multiple Gene Segments. Viruses. 2021 Jun 18;13(6). doi: 10.3390/v13061166. PMID: 34207098; PMCID: PMC8234733.
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Viruses. 2021 Jun 18;13(6). doi: 10.3390/v13061166.

Virus Adaptation Following Experimental Infection of Chickens with a Domestic Duck Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Isolate from the 2017 USA H7N9 Outbreak Identifies Polymorphic Mutations in Multiple Gene Segments.

Viruses

Klaudia Chrzastek, Karen Segovia, Mia Torchetti, Mary Lee Killian, Mary Pantin-Jackwood, Darrell R Kapczynski

Affiliations

  1. Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, USA National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USA, Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
  2. Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010, USA.

PMID: 34207098 PMCID: PMC8234733 DOI: 10.3390/v13061166

Abstract

In March 2017, highly pathogenic (HP) and low pathogenic (LP) avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H7N9 were detected from poultry farms and backyard birds in several states in the southeast United States. Because interspecies transmission is a known mechanism for evolution of AIVs, we sought to characterize infection and transmission of a domestic duck-origin H7N9 LPAIV in chickens and genetically compare the viruses replicating in the chickens to the original H7N9 clinical field samples used as inoculum. The results of the experimental infection demonstrated virus replication and transmission in chickens, with overt clinical signs of disease and shedding through both oral and cloacal routes. Unexpectedly, higher levels of virus shedding were observed in some cloacal swabs. Next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis identified numerous non-synonymous mutations at the consensus level in the polymerase genes (i.e., PA, PB1, and PB2) and the hemagglutinin (HA) receptor binding site in viruses recovered from chickens, indicating possible virus adaptation in the new host. For comparison, NGS analysis of clinical samples obtained from duck specimen collected during the outbreak indicated three polymorphic sides in the M1 segment and a minor population of viruses carrying the D139N (21.4%) substitution in the NS1 segment. Interestingly, at consensus level, A/duck/Alabama (H7N9) had isoleucine at position 105 in NP protein, similar to HPAIV (H7N9) but not to LPAIV (H7N9) isolated from the same 2017 influenza outbreak in the US. Taken together, this work demonstrates that the H7N9 viruses could readily jump between avian species, which may have contributed to the evolution of the virus and its spread in the region.

Keywords: H7N9; adaptation; avian influenza virus; duck; polymorphism; transmissibility; whole genome sequencing

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