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Khachatryan E, Wittevrongel B, Perovnik M, et al. Electrophysiological Proxy of Cognitive Reserve Index. Front Hum Neurosci. 2021;15:690856doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.690856.
Khachatryan, E., Wittevrongel, B., Perovnik, M., Tournoy, J., Schoenmakers, B., & Van Hulle, M. M. (2021). Electrophysiological Proxy of Cognitive Reserve Index. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 15690856. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2021.690856
Khachatryan, Elvira, et al. "Electrophysiological Proxy of Cognitive Reserve Index." Frontiers in human neuroscience vol. 15 (2021): 690856. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2021.690856
Khachatryan E, Wittevrongel B, Perovnik M, Tournoy J, Schoenmakers B, Van Hulle MM. Electrophysiological Proxy of Cognitive Reserve Index. Front Hum Neurosci. 2021 Jul 08;15:690856. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.690856. eCollection 2021. PMID: 34305555; PMCID: PMC8295460.
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Front Hum Neurosci. 2021 Jul 08;15:690856. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.690856. eCollection 2021.

Electrophysiological Proxy of Cognitive Reserve Index.

Frontiers in human neuroscience

Elvira Khachatryan, Benjamin Wittevrongel, Matej Perovnik, Jos Tournoy, Birgitte Schoenmakers, Marc M Van Hulle

Affiliations

  1. Laboratory for Neuro- and Psychophysiology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
  2. Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium.
  3. Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
  4. Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
  5. Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
  6. Academic Centre of General Practice, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

PMID: 34305555 PMCID: PMC8295460 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.690856

Abstract

Cognitive reserve (CR) postulates that individual differences in task performance can be attributed to differences in the brain's ability to recruit additional networks or adopt alternative cognitive strategies. Variables that are descriptive of lifetime experience such as socioeconomic status, educational attainment, and leisure activity are common proxies of CR. CR is mostly studied using neuroimaging techniques such as functional MRI (fMRI) in which case individuals with a higher CR were observed to activate a smaller brain network compared to individuals with a lower CR, when performing a task equally effectively (higher efficiency), and electroencephalography (EEG) where a particular EEG component (P300) that reflects the attention and working memory load, has been targeted. Despite the contribution of multiple factors such as age, education (formal and informal), working, leisure, and household activities in CR formation, most neuroimaging studies, and those using EEG in particular, focus on formal education level only. The aim of the current EEG study is to investigate how the P300 component, evoked in response to an oddball paradigm, is associated with other components of CR besides education, such as working and leisure activity in older adults. We have used hereto a recently introduced CR index questionnaire (CRIq) that quantifies both professional and leisure activities in terms of their cognitive demand and number of years practiced, as well as a data-driven approach for EEG analysis. We observed complex relationships between CRIq subcomponents and P300 characteristics. These results are especially important given that, unlike previous studies, our measurements (P300 and CRIq) do not require active use of the same executive function and, thus, render our results free of a collinearity bias.

Copyright © 2021 Khachatryan, Wittevrongel, Perovnik, Tournoy, Schoenmakers and Van Hulle.

Keywords: EEG; P300 - event related potential; aging; cognitive reserve; oddball paradigm

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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