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Hasken JM, Marais AS, de Vries M, et al. Gestational age and birth growth parameters as early predictors of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2021;45(8):1624-1638doi: 10.1111/acer.14656.
Hasken, J. M., Marais, A. S., de Vries, M., Joubert, B., Cloete, M., Botha, I., Symington, S. R., Kalberg, W. O., Buckley, D., Robinson, L. K., Manning, M. A., Parry, C. D. H., Seedat, S., Hoyme, H. E., & May, P. A. (2021). Gestational age and birth growth parameters as early predictors of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 45(8), 1624-1638. https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.14656
Hasken, Julie M, et al. "Gestational age and birth growth parameters as early predictors of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders." Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research vol. 45,8 (2021): 1624-1638. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.14656
Hasken JM, Marais AS, de Vries M, Joubert B, Cloete M, Botha I, Symington SR, Kalberg WO, Buckley D, Robinson LK, Manning MA, Parry CDH, Seedat S, Hoyme HE, May PA. Gestational age and birth growth parameters as early predictors of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2021 Aug;45(8):1624-1638. doi: 10.1111/acer.14656. Epub 2021 Aug 02. PMID: 34342019; PMCID: PMC8429067.
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Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2021 Aug;45(8):1624-1638. doi: 10.1111/acer.14656. Epub 2021 Aug 02.

Gestational age and birth growth parameters as early predictors of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.

Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research

Julie M Hasken, Anna-Susan Marais, Marlene de Vries, Belinda Joubert, Marise Cloete, Isobel Botha, Sumien Roux Symington, Wendy O Kalberg, David Buckley, Luther K Robinson, Melanie A Manning, Charles D H Parry, Soraya Seedat, H Eugene Hoyme, Philip A May

Affiliations

  1. Gillings School of Global Public Health, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
  2. Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
  3. Center on Alcohol, Substance Abuse and Addition, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
  4. Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, NY, USA.
  5. Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
  6. Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
  7. Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
  8. Sanford Health, Sanford Children's Genomic Medicine Consortium, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
  9. Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA.

PMID: 34342019 PMCID: PMC8429067 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14656

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To investigate gestational age and growth at birth as predictors of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD).

METHODS: The sample analyzed here comprises 737 randomly selected children who were assessed for growth, dysmorphology, and neurobehavior at 7 years of age. Maternal interviews were conducted to ascertain prenatal alcohol exposure and other maternal risk factors. Birth data originated from clinic records and the data at 7 years of age originated from population-based, in-school studies. Binary linear regression assessed the relationship between preterm birth, small for gestational age (SGA), and their combination on the odds of a specific FASD diagnosis or any FASD.

RESULTS: Among children diagnosed with FASD at 7 years of age (n = 255), a review of birth records indicated that 18.4% were born preterm, 51.4% were SGA, and 5.9% were both preterm and SGA. When compared to non-FASD controls (n = 482), the birth percentages born preterm, SGA, and both preterm and SGA were respectively 12.0%, 27.7%, and 0.5%. Mothers of children with FASD reported more drinking during all trimesters, higher gravidity, lower educational attainment, and older age at pregnancy. After controlling for usual drinks per drinking day in the first trimester, number of trimesters of drinking, maternal education, tobacco use, and maternal age, the odds ratio of an FASD diagnosis by age 7 was significantly associated with SGA (OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.35 to 3.45). SGA was also significantly associated with each of the 3 most common specific diagnoses within the FASD continuum: fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS; OR = 3.1), partial FAS (OR = 2.1), and alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (OR = 2.0).

CONCLUSION: SGA is a robust early indicator for FASD in this random sample of children assessed at 7 years of age.

© 2021 by the Research Society on Alcoholism.

Keywords: Preterm; fetal alcohol spectrum disorders; prenatal alcohol exposure; small for gestational age

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