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Steven B, Hyde J, LaReau JC, et al. The Axenic and Gnotobiotic Mosquito: Emerging Models for Microbiome Host Interactions. Front Microbiol. 2021;12:714222doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.714222.
Steven, B., Hyde, J., LaReau, J. C., & Brackney, D. E. (2021). The Axenic and Gnotobiotic Mosquito: Emerging Models for Microbiome Host Interactions. Frontiers in microbiology, 12714222. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.714222
Steven, Blaire, et al. "The Axenic and Gnotobiotic Mosquito: Emerging Models for Microbiome Host Interactions." Frontiers in microbiology vol. 12 (2021): 714222. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.714222
Steven B, Hyde J, LaReau JC, Brackney DE. The Axenic and Gnotobiotic Mosquito: Emerging Models for Microbiome Host Interactions. Front Microbiol. 2021 Jul 12;12:714222. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.714222. eCollection 2021. PMID: 34322111; PMCID: PMC8312643.
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Front Microbiol. 2021 Jul 12;12:714222. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.714222. eCollection 2021.

The Axenic and Gnotobiotic Mosquito: Emerging Models for Microbiome Host Interactions.

Frontiers in microbiology

Blaire Steven, Josephine Hyde, Jacquelyn C LaReau, Doug E Brackney

Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Sciences, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, United States.
  2. Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, United States.

PMID: 34322111 PMCID: PMC8312643 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.714222

Abstract

The increasing availability of modern research tools has enabled a revolution in studies of non-model organisms. Yet, one aspect that remains difficult or impossible to control in many model and most non-model organisms is the presence and composition of the host-associated microbiota or the microbiome. In this review, we explore the development of axenic (microbe-free) mosquito models and what these systems reveal about the role of the microbiome in mosquito biology. Additionally, the axenic host is a blank template on which a microbiome of known composition can be introduced, also known as a gnotobiotic organism. Finally, we identify a "most wanted" list of common mosquito microbiome members that show the greatest potential to influence host phenotypes. We propose that these are high-value targets to be employed in future gnotobiotic studies. The use of axenic and gnotobiotic organisms will transition the microbiome into another experimental variable that can be manipulated and controlled. Through these efforts, the mosquito will be a true model for examining host microbiome interactions.

Copyright © 2021 Steven, Hyde, LaReau and Brackney.

Keywords: axenic; gnotobiotic; microbiome; model system; mosquito

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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