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Phoenix DA, Harris F, Dennison SR. Antimicrobial peptides with pH dependent activity and alkaline optima: their origins, mechanisms of action and potential applications. Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2021;doi: 10.2174/1389203722666210728105451.
Phoenix, D. A., Harris, F., & Dennison, S. R. (2021). Antimicrobial peptides with pH dependent activity and alkaline optima: their origins, mechanisms of action and potential applications. Current protein & peptide science, . https://doi.org/10.2174/1389203722666210728105451
Phoenix, David A, et al. "Antimicrobial peptides with pH dependent activity and alkaline optima: their origins, mechanisms of action and potential applications." Current protein & peptide science vol. (2021). doi: https://doi.org/10.2174/1389203722666210728105451
Phoenix DA, Harris F, Dennison SR. Antimicrobial peptides with pH dependent activity and alkaline optima: their origins, mechanisms of action and potential applications. Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2021 Jul 27; doi: 10.2174/1389203722666210728105451. Epub 2021 Jul 27. PMID: 34323184.
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Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2021 Jul 27; doi: 10.2174/1389203722666210728105451. Epub 2021 Jul 27.

Antimicrobial peptides with pH dependent activity and alkaline optima: their origins, mechanisms of action and potential applications.

Current protein & peptide science

David A Phoenix, Frederick Harris, Sarah R Dennison

Affiliations

  1. Office of the Vice Chancellor, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, United Kingdom.
  2. School of Natural Science, University of Central Lancashire Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom.
  3. School of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom.

PMID: 34323184 DOI: 10.2174/1389203722666210728105451

Abstract

A number of disorders and diseases are associated with conditions of high pH and many conventional antibiotics lose their efficacy under these pH conditions, generating a need for novel antimicrobials, and a potential solution to fulfil this need is antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with high pH optima. This review shows that a variety of anionic and cationic AMPs with this pH dependency are produced by creatures across the eukaryotic kingdom, including humans, rabbits, cattle, sheep, fish and frogs. These AMPs exhibit activity against viruses, bacteria and fungi that involves membrane interactions and appear to be facilitated by a variety of mechanisms that generally promote passage across membranes to attack intracellular targets, such as DNA or protein synthesis, and / or membrane lysis. Some of these mechanisms are unknown but those elucidated include the use of bacterial pores and transporters, the self-promoted uptake pathway and established models of membrane interaction, such as the carpet mechanism, toroidal pore formation, the adoption of tilted peptide and the SHM model. A variety of potential roles have been proposed for these AMPs, including use as antivirals, antibacterials, antifungals, adjuvants to antimicrobial therapy, biomarkers of disease and probes for pathogenic microbes. In this review, these properties are described and discussed, with an emphasis on the antimicrobial mechanisms used by these AMPs and the pH dependency of these mechanisms.

Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at [email protected].

Keywords: Antimicrobial peptides; alkaline optimum; antibacterial; antifungal; antiviral; membranolysis; pH dependent; pore formation.

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