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Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Jul 05;10(7). doi: 10.3390/antiox10071075.

Improving Cognition with Nutraceuticals Targeting TGF-β1 Signaling.

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)

Margherita Grasso, Giuseppe Caruso, Justyna Godos, Angela Bonaccorso, Claudia Carbone, Sabrina Castellano, Walter Currenti, Giuseppe Grosso, Teresa Musumeci, Filippo Caraci

Affiliations

  1. Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
  2. Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy.
  3. Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
  4. Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.

PMID: 34356309 PMCID: PMC8301008 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071075

Abstract

Rescue of cognitive function represents an unmet need in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nutraceuticals deliver a concentrated form of a presumed bioactive(s) agent(s) that can improve cognitive function alone or in combination with current approved drugs for the treatment of cognitive disorders. Nutraceuticals include different natural compounds such as flavonoids and their subclasses (flavan-3-ols, catechins, anthocyanins, and flavonols), omega-3, and carnosine that can improve synaptic plasticity and rescue cognitive deficits through multiple molecular mechanisms. A deficit of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) pathway is an early event in the pathophysiology of cognitive impairment in different neuropsychiatric disorders, from depression to AD. In the present review, we provide evidence that different nutraceuticals, such as

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; carnosine; cognition; medicinal herbs; nutraceuticals; omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids; transforming growth factor-β1

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