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Cicco S, Vacca A, Cariddi C, et al. Imaging Evaluation of Pulmonary and Non-Ischaemic Cardiovascular Manifestations of COVID-19. Diagnostics (Basel). 2021;11(7)doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11071271.
Cicco, S., Vacca, A., Cariddi, C., Carella, R., Altamura, G., Solimando, A. G., Lauletta, G., Pappagallo, F., Cirulli, A., Stragapede, A., Susca, N., Grasso, S., & Ria, R. (2021). Imaging Evaluation of Pulmonary and Non-Ischaemic Cardiovascular Manifestations of COVID-19. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 11(7), . https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11071271
Cicco, Sebastiano, et al. "Imaging Evaluation of Pulmonary and Non-Ischaemic Cardiovascular Manifestations of COVID-19." Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) vol. 11,7 (2021). doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11071271
Cicco S, Vacca A, Cariddi C, Carella R, Altamura G, Solimando AG, Lauletta G, Pappagallo F, Cirulli A, Stragapede A, Susca N, Grasso S, Ria R. Imaging Evaluation of Pulmonary and Non-Ischaemic Cardiovascular Manifestations of COVID-19. Diagnostics (Basel). 2021 Jul 15;11(7). doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11071271. PMID: 34359355; PMCID: PMC8304239.
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Diagnostics (Basel). 2021 Jul 15;11(7). doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11071271.

Imaging Evaluation of Pulmonary and Non-Ischaemic Cardiovascular Manifestations of COVID-19.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)

Sebastiano Cicco, Antonio Vacca, Christel Cariddi, Rossella Carella, Gianluca Altamura, Antonio Giovanni Solimando, Gianfranco Lauletta, Fabrizio Pappagallo, Anna Cirulli, Assunta Stragapede, Nicola Susca, Salvatore Grasso, Roberto Ria

Affiliations

  1. Internal Medicine Unit "Guido Baccelli", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Piazza G. Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy.
  2. Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Building 8, University of Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy.
  3. Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO) Ospedale Policlinico, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Piazza G. Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy.

PMID: 34359355 PMCID: PMC8304239 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11071271

Abstract

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a pandemic challenge for the last year. Cardiovascular disease is the most described comorbidity in COVID-19 patients, and it is related to the disease severity and progression. COVID-19 induces direct damage on cardiovascular system, leading to arrhythmias and myocarditis, and indirect damage due to endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation with a high inflammatory burden. Indirect damage leads to myocarditis, coagulation abnormalities and venous thromboembolism, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, Kawasaki-like disease and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Imaging can support the management, assessment and prognostic evaluation of these patients. Ultrasound is the most reliable and easy to use in emergency setting and in the ICU as a first approach. The focused approach is useful in management of these patients due its ability to obtain quick and focused results. This tool is useful to evaluate cardiovascular disease and its interplay with lungs. However, a detailed echocardiography evaluation is necessary in a complete assessment of cardiovascular involvement. Computerized tomography is highly sensitive, but it might not always be available. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance and nuclear imaging may be helpful to evaluate COVID-19-related myocardial injury, but further studies are needed. This review deals with different modalities of imaging evaluation in the management of cardiovascular non-ischaemic manifestations of COVID-19, comparing their use in emergency and in intensive care.

Keywords: cardiovascular involvement; cardiovascular magnetic resonance; coronavirus disease 2019; echocardiography; emergency; heart computerized tomography; intensive care; lung ultrasound; nuclear imaging; point-of-care ultrasonography

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