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Starek-Świechowicz B, Budziszewska B, Starek A. Endogenous estrogens-breast cancer and chemoprevention. Pharmacol Rep. 2021;73(6):1497-1512doi: 10.1007/s43440-021-00317-0.
Starek-Świechowicz, B., Budziszewska, B., & Starek, A. (2021). Endogenous estrogens-breast cancer and chemoprevention. Pharmacological reports : PR, 73(6), 1497-1512. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-021-00317-0
Starek-Świechowicz, Beata, et al. "Endogenous estrogens-breast cancer and chemoprevention." Pharmacological reports : PR vol. 73,6 (2021): 1497-1512. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-021-00317-0
Starek-Świechowicz B, Budziszewska B, Starek A. Endogenous estrogens-breast cancer and chemoprevention. Pharmacol Rep. 2021 Dec;73(6):1497-1512. doi: 10.1007/s43440-021-00317-0. Epub 2021 Aug 30. PMID: 34462889; PMCID: PMC8599256.
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Pharmacol Rep. 2021 Dec;73(6):1497-1512. doi: 10.1007/s43440-021-00317-0. Epub 2021 Aug 30.

Endogenous estrogens-breast cancer and chemoprevention.

Pharmacological reports : PR

Beata Starek-Świechowicz, Bogusława Budziszewska, Andrzej Starek

Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemical Toxicology, Chair of Toxicology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland. [email protected].
  2. Department of Biochemical Toxicology, Chair of Toxicology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
  3. Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sm?tna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.

PMID: 34462889 PMCID: PMC8599256 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00317-0

Abstract

Breast cancer is the most common female malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer related deaths. It is estimated that about 40% of all cancer in women is hormonally mediated. Both estrogens and androgens play critical roles in the initiation and development of breast cancer. Estrogens influence normal physiological growth, proliferation, and differentiation of breast tissues, as well as the development and progression of breast malignancy. Breast cancer is caused by numerous endo- and exogenous risk factors. The paper presents estrogen metabolism, in particular 17β-estradiol and related hormones. The mechanisms of estrogen carcinogenesis include the participation of estrogen receptors, the genotoxic effect of the estrogen metabolites, and epigenetic processes that are also presented. The role of reactive oxygen species in breast cancer has been described. It called attention to a role of numerous signaling pathways in neoplastic transformation. Chemoprotective agents, besides other phytoestrogens, classical antioxidants, synthetic compounds, and their mechanisms of action have been shown.

© 2021. The Author(s).

Keywords: Breast cancer; Chemopreventive agents; Endogenous estrogens; Estrogen metabolism

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